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		<title>Translation part 2</title>
		<link>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2012/01/29/translation-part-2/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Jan 2012 09:27:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>hunlang</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Vocabulary]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[1. „Manapság magára valamit adó hollywoodi sztár kizárólag műanyagból készült ruhát, cipőt, táskát, kabátot hord, vagy anyaszült meztelenül pózol az állati jogok védelmét szolgáló kampányban. Valódi bundát újabban egyedül az engedhet meg magának, aki abban jött a világra. Vagy mégsem?” ’Nowadays any self-respecting Hollywood star is wearing clothes, shoes, bags, jackets exclusively made of plastic [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=hunlang.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9542183&amp;post=1349&amp;subd=hunlang&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;">1.</p>
<p>„Manapság magára valamit adó hollywoodi sztár kizárólag műanyagból készült ruhát, cipőt, táskát, kabátot hord, vagy anyaszült meztelenül pózol az állati jogok védelmét szolgáló kampányban. Valódi bundát újabban egyedül az engedhet meg magának, aki abban jött a világra. Vagy mégsem?”</p>
<p>’Nowadays any self-respecting Hollywood star is wearing clothes, shoes, bags, jackets exclusively made of plastic or is posing in the buff for a campaign serving the protection of animal rights. Lately, only those can afford real fur who were born in it. Or not?’</p>
<p>The literal translation is:<br />
Nowadays on herself something giving Hollywood star exclusively of plastic made clothes, shoes, bags, jackets is wearing, or naked as born by her mother is posing in the protection of animal rights serving campaign. Real fur lately only those can afford who in it came into the world. Or not?</p>
<p>manapság = nowadays<br />
magára valamit adó = self-respecting &gt; this idiomatic expression literally: who gives something on him/herself<br />
hollywood + -i (adjectival suffix)<br />
sztár = star &gt; words used frequently enough are transcribed according to the phonetic writing in Hungarian<br />
kizár (to exclude) + -ó (excluding, exclusive) + -lag (suffix for adverb of manner equivalent to –ly) = kizárólag = exclusively</p>
<p>műanyag (plastic) = mű- (artificial) + anyag (material, substance)<br />
műanyag + -ból (suffix equivalent to the OF preposition because ’to be made’ requires ’of’ and in Hungarian ’készült’ requires ’-ból, -ből’)<br />
készül (to be made) + -t (past tense ending) = készült (used as past participle) = made</p>
<p>ruha &gt; ruhát (accusative case)<br />
cipő &gt; cipőt (accusative case)<br />
táska &gt; táskát (accusative case)<br />
kabát &gt; kabátot (accusative case)<br />
&gt; these words are in accusative case because they are the direct object of the verb ’hord=wear’<br />
hord = to wear</p>
<p>vagy = or<br />
anyaszült = as born by his/her mother<br />
mez (shirt) + -telen (privative suffix) = meztelen + -ül (suffix for adverb of manner) = meztelenül = naked<br />
&gt;anyaszült meztelenül = in the buff, totally naked</p>
<p>pózol = to pose<br />
állat + -i (adjectival suffix) = állati = animal<br />
jog (right) + -ok (nominative plural ending with link vowel) = jogok = rights<br />
védelem (protection) &gt; it is a drop-vowel word due to the –elem suffix. The ending –e of the possessive case is added: védelme. The e becomes é because it is followed by the accusative ending –t: védelmét<br />
szolgál (to serve) + -ó (adjectival suffix) = szolgáló = serving<br />
&gt; az állati jogok védelm<strong>é</strong>t szolgáló = serving the protection <strong>of</strong> animal rights</p>
<p>kampány (campaign) + -ban (equivalent is the IN preposition but now FOR sounds better in English)</p>
<p>valódi = real<br />
bunda (fur) + -t (accusative ending) = bundát<br />
új (new) + -abb (comparative degree suffix = newer) + -an (suffix for adverb of manner) = újabban = lately<br />
egyedül = only; alone</p>
<p>megenged magának = can afford<br />
-het = can<br />
az, aki = he/those who<br />
az engedhet meg magának, aki = those can afford who</p>
<p>az (that) + -ban (in) = abban = in that/it<br />
világra jön = to be born, to come into the world<br />
mégsem &gt; in this case it should be translated as: not</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">2.</p>
<p>„A forint az igen kedvező nemzetközi befektetői hangulatban, és a két hónap múlva várható magyar EU/IMF-megállapodás reményétől fűtve a héten jelentősen tovább erősödött amellett is, hogy a Magyar Nemzeti Bank váratlanul nem emelt kamatot valószínűleg az új monetáris tanácstagok ellenkezése miatt.”</p>
<p>’In the quite favourable international mood of investment and fired up by the hope of Hungarian EU/IMF agreement expected in two month, this week forint continued getting stronger significantly even apart from the fact that, unexpectedly, the Hungarian National Bank did not raise interest presumably due to the opposition of the new monetary council members.’</p>
<p>The literal translation is:<br />
The forint in the quite favourable international investment mood, and by the hope of the in two month to be exptected Hungarian EU/IMF agreement fired up this week significantly further got stronger even apart from the fact that the Hungarian National Bank unexpectedly did not raise interest probably due to the opposition of the new monetary council members.</p>
<p>igen = quite, very<br />
kedvez (to favour) + -ő (adjectival suffix) = kedvező = favourable<br />
nemzet (nation) + -közi (inter-) = nemzetközi = international<br />
befektet (to invest) + -ő (noun suffix) = befektető = investor<br />
befektető + -i (adjectival suffix) = investing, of investment<br />
hangulat (mood) + -ban (equivalent to the IN preposition)<br />
és = and<br />
két hónap múlva = in two month<br />
vár (to expect) + -ható (suffix for something made possible) = várható = to be expected<br />
magyar = Hungarian &gt; note that magyar is not capitalized<br />
megállapodik (to agree) &gt; remove –ik and add the –ás noun suffix = megállapodás = agreement</p>
<p>reményétől fűtve = fired up by the hope<br />
&gt; remény (hope) + -e (possessive case suffix equivalent to OF) + -től (equivalent to BY in this case = reményétől = by the hope of<br />
&gt; fűt (to heat) + -ve (suffix for condition now) = fűtve = heated, fired up</p>
<p>a héten = this week<br />
jelentős (significant) + -en (equivalent to –ly) = jelentősen = significantly</p>
<p>tovább = further, on, continues doing<br />
erős (strong) + -ödik (verb suffix) = erősödik = to get stronger<br />
&gt; remove –ik and add –ött (past tense ending with proper link vowel) = erősödött = got stronger<br />
&gt; tovább erősödött = continued getting stronger</p>
<p>amellett = apart from the fact<br />
is = even<br />
hogy = that<br />
Magyar Nemzeti Bank = Hungarian National Bank<br />
váratlan (unexpected) + -ul (suffix for adverb of manner) = váratlanul = unexpectedly</p>
<p>nem = no, not; in this case: did not<br />
emel (to raise) + -t (past tense ending) = emelt = raised<br />
kamat (interest) + -ot (accusative ending with proper link vowel) = kamatot<br />
&gt; nem emelt kamatot = did not raise interest</p>
<p>valószínű (probable) + -leg (suffix for adverb of manner) = valószínűleg = probably, presumably<br />
új = new<br />
monetáris = monetary</p>
<p>tanács = council<br />
tag = member</p>
<p>&gt;tanácstag (council member) + -ok (nominative plural ending) = tanácstagok = council members<br />
ellenkezés = opposition; disagreement<br />
miatt = due to, because of<br />
&gt; az új tanácstagok ellenkezése miatt = due to the opposition of the new council members</p>
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		<title>Translations Part 1</title>
		<link>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2012/01/25/translations-part-1/</link>
		<comments>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2012/01/25/translations-part-1/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2012 10:09:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>hunlang</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Vocabulary]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[I hope I&#8217;ll get to Part 2 One of the hardest part of the Hungarian language for a foreigner is the sentence structure/word order. In this entry I don’t intend to become profoundly absorbed in how specifically the Hungarian word order is done, but to show you how a sentence looks like compared to the [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=hunlang.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9542183&amp;post=1346&amp;subd=hunlang&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I hope I&#8217;ll get to Part 2 <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>One of the hardest part of the Hungarian language for a foreigner is the sentence structure/word order.</p>
<p>In this entry I don’t intend to become profoundly absorbed in how specifically the Hungarian word order is done, but to show you how a sentence looks like compared to the English one.</p>
<p>The following sentences are between dashes because I took them from different newspapers.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">1.</p>
<p>„Ezek a háztartási gépek ügyesek, mint a legjobb kukta, és elegánsak, mint egy kifogástalan lakáj.”</p>
<p>’These household appliances are as skilful as the best kitchen boy and as elegant as an unexceptionable valet.”</p>
<p>So the literal transcription of the Hungarian sentence is:<br />
These household appliances skilfuls, as the best kitchen boy, and elegants, as an unexceptionable valet.</p>
<p>ez (demonstrative pronoun) = this<br />
ez + -ek (nominative plural ending with link vowel) = ezek = these<br />
ház (house) + tartás (holding) + -i (adjectival suffix) = háztartási = household<br />
gép (machine, appliance) + -ek (nominative plural ending) = gépek = appliances<br />
ügyes (able, skilful, clever) + -ek (nominative plural ending) = ügyesek = are skilful<br />
mint (the only preposition in Hungarian) = as<br />
a (definite article) = the<br />
leg- + jó + -bb = legjobb (superlative degree of the jó adjective) = best<br />
kukta (originally meaning pressure-cooker, but in a funny way it also refers to a person able to cook well or maybe not so well) = kitchen boy<br />
és (conjunction) = and<br />
elengáns (elegant) + -ak (nominative plural ending with link vowel) = are elegant<br />
egy (indefinite article) = a, an<br />
kifogás (exception, excuse) + -talan (deprivative suffix = un-) = unexceptionable<br />
lakáj = valet, footman</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">2.</p>
<p>„Sajnos elmaradt a január 20-án, pénteken estére a Liszt-terembe meghirdetett Színpadi Játékvizsga nyilvános előadása.”</p>
<p>’Unfortunately, the public performance of Scenic Acting Exam announced to Liszt Hall the 20th January on Friday night was put off.</p>
<p>So the literal transcription of the Hungarian sentence is:<br />
Unfortunately was put off to the 20th January, to the night on Friday to the Liszt Hall announced Scenic Acting Exam public performance (+ possessive ending)</p>
<p>sajnos (adverb of manner) = unfortunately<br />
elmarad (to be put off, not to take place) + -t (past tense ending) = elmaradt = was put off<br />
január 20-án = the 20th January (say 20-án as huszadikán)<br />
péntek (Friday) + -en (equals to the ON preposition) = on Friday<br />
este (night) + -re (equals to the TO preposition and it is the suffix that the verb meghirdet = announce requires) = estére<br />
terem (room, hall) + -be (in this case English uses the TO preposition)<br />
meghirdet (to announce) + -ett (past tense ending with a link vowel now used as past participle) = meghirdetett = announced<br />
nyilván (obviously, evidently) + -os (adjectival suffix) = nyilvános = public<br />
előadás (performance) + -a (possessive case 3rd PS suffix equivalent to OF) = előadása<br />
&gt; a Színpadi Játékvizsga nyilvános előadás<strong>a</strong> = the public performance <strong>of </strong>Scenic Acting Exam</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">3.</p>
<p>„A tapasztalataim azt mutatják, hogy ha a 100 forintos érmét egyszerűen ki lehet húzni a bevásárlókocsiból, akkor szinte biztos, hogy lába kél.”</p>
<p>’My experience suggests that if a hundred forint coin can be simply pulled out of the shopping trolley, then it’s almost sure it’ll vanish into thin air.’</p>
<p>So the literal transcription of the Hungarian sentence is:<br />
My experiences show that if the 100 forint coin (accusative case) simply possible to pull out of the shopping trolley, then almost sure it walks away on its on legs.</p>
<p>tapasztalat (experience) + -aim (possessive case 1st PS suffix referring to plurality – sounds better in Hungarian to say ’my experiences’) = tapasztalataim<br />
azt (that) &gt; it is an antecedent referring to the subordinate clause and expressing the fact that the verb mutat = to show requires accusative case.<br />
mutat (to show, indicate, suggest) + -ják (present tense 3rd PP suffix in definite conjugation)<br />
hogy (conjunction) = that<br />
ha (conjunction) = if<br />
100 = száz = a hundred<br />
forint + -os (adjectival suffix) &gt; English simply says forint<br />
érme (coin) + -t (accusative ending and the e at the end of érme becomes é)<br />
egyszerű (simple) + -en (suffix equivalent to –ly in English) = egyszerűen = simply</p>
<p>ki lehet húzni = it can be pulled out<br />
&gt; kihúz = to pull out<br />
&gt; lehet = it’s possible, it can be, maybe – in this case it has to be translated with passive voice in English because no person is indicated.<br />
&gt; The verb kihúz has the ki verbal prefix. As lehet must be wedged between ki and húz, this verb must be written separately = ki lehet húzni</p>
<p>bevásárlókocsi (shopping trolley) + -ból (from, out of)<br />
akkor = then<br />
szinte = almost<br />
biztos = it’s sure<br />
lába kél &gt; it is an idiomatic expression meaning that something gets lost. I can’t give you a literal translation, but it means something like: ”it grows its own legs and walks away on them”</p>
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		<title>I&#8217;m (almost) back!</title>
		<link>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2012/01/24/im-almost-back/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2012 13:39:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>hunlang</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[&#8216;I&#8217;m back&#8217; because the job I accepted weeks ago is done. &#8216;Almost&#8217; because if another job comes up, I won&#8217;t be able to write entries to this blog as often as I intend to. The point is that I&#8217;ll write something for you soon and I hope I can write more and more. In the [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=hunlang.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9542183&amp;post=1344&amp;subd=hunlang&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8216;I&#8217;m back&#8217; because the job I accepted weeks ago is done. &#8216;Almost&#8217; because if another job comes up, I won&#8217;t be able to write entries to this blog as often as I intend to.</p>
<p>The point is that I&#8217;ll write something for you soon and I hope I can write more and more.</p>
<p>In the meantime, pick a topic from the existing ones <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>Bye!</p>
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		<title>Itt vannak az ünnepek!</title>
		<link>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2011/12/25/itt-vannak-az-unnepek/</link>
		<comments>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2011/12/25/itt-vannak-az-unnepek/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Dec 2011 10:54:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>hunlang</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Without any major claptrap: Boldog Karácsonyt és Kellemes Ünnepeket mindenkinek! In case I don&#8217;t have time: Boldog Új Évet! Thank you very much for having visited my blog all year! Please continue with this wonderful habit of yours<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=hunlang.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9542183&amp;post=1335&amp;subd=hunlang&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Without any major claptrap:</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>Boldog Karácsonyt</em></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>és</em></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>Kellemes Ünnepeket mindenkinek!</em></p>
<p>In case I don&#8217;t have time:</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>Boldog Új Évet!</em></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Thank you very much for having visited my blog all year! Please continue with this wonderful habit of yours <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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		<title>English-Hungarian Thematic Dictionary</title>
		<link>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2011/12/12/english-hungarian-thematic-dictionary/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Dec 2011 09:47:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>hunlang</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Download the grammar book]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hunlang.wordpress.com/?p=1329</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I finally got to the end of writing this dictionary for you. What you&#8217;ll find in this 5,38 MB pdf doc is thematically arranged Hungarian words. I hope it&#8217;ll help you continue the endless effort you&#8217;ve put in your studies so far. So here it is. I wish you a good knowledge of Hungarian words for Christmas! [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=hunlang.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9542183&amp;post=1329&amp;subd=hunlang&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I finally got to the end of writing this dictionary for you. What you&#8217;ll find in this 5,38 MB pdf doc is thematically arranged Hungarian words. I hope it&#8217;ll help you continue the endless effort you&#8217;ve put in your studies so far. <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>So here it is. I wish you a good knowledge of Hungarian words for Christmas! <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' />  If there&#8217;s any problem with the download, let me know.</p>
<p><a href="http://hunlang.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/english-hungarian-thematic-dictionary.pdf">English-Hungarian Thematic Dictionary</a></p>
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		<title>The Many Faces of Lenni</title>
		<link>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2011/11/29/the-many-faces-of-lenni/</link>
		<comments>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2011/11/29/the-many-faces-of-lenni/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Nov 2011 12:19:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>hunlang</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Vocabulary]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hunlang.wordpress.com/?p=1324</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[THE MANY FACES OF LENNI You already know that the 3rd person singular and plural form of lenni in present tense is not used in predicative constructions (&#62; copula). Ő tanár. – He is a teacher. Ők jó gyerekek. – They are good children. A fiú magas. – The boy is tall. Ő Sándor. – [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=hunlang.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9542183&amp;post=1324&amp;subd=hunlang&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>THE MANY FACES OF LENNI</strong></p>
<p>You already know that the 3rd person singular and plural form of lenni in present tense is not used in predicative constructions (&gt; copula).</p>
<p><em>Ő</em> tanár. – <em>He</em> <strong>is</strong> a teacher.<br />
<em>Ők</em> jó gyerekek. – <em>They </em><strong>are</strong> good children.<br />
<em>A fiú </em>magas. – <em>The boy </em><strong>is </strong>tall.<br />
<em>Ő</em> Sándor. – <em>He</em> <strong>is </strong>Alexander.</p>
<p>With the exception of that rule, van/vannak are used in any other situation even in present tense.</p>
<p>EXISTENCE:<br />
<strong>Van </strong>egy toll az asztalon. – <strong>There is</strong> a pen on the table.<br />
Tanulók <strong>vannak</strong> az osztályokban. – <strong>There are</strong> students in the classrooms.<br />
Hány utas <strong>van</strong> a vonaton? – How many passengers <strong>are there</strong> on the train?<br />
124 utas <strong>van</strong> a vonaton. <strong>There are</strong> 124 passengers on the train.</p>
<p>WHEREABOUTS:<br />
A kocsi a ház előtt <strong>van</strong>. – The car <strong>is</strong> in front of the house.<br />
<strong>Nem</strong> Londonban <strong>vannak</strong>, hanem Párizsban. – They <strong>are not </strong>in London, but in Paris.<br />
Hol <strong>vagy</strong>? – Where <strong>are you</strong>?<br />
Az állomáson <strong>vagyok</strong>. – <strong>I’m </strong>at the station.<br />
Ki <strong>van</strong> ott? – Who <strong>is</strong> there?</p>
<p>IS MADE OF/FROM:<br />
A szék fá<strong>ból</strong> <strong>van</strong>. – The chair <strong>is</strong> <strong>made of</strong> wood.<br />
A bor szőlő<strong>ből</strong> <strong>van</strong>. – Wine <strong>is</strong> <strong>made from</strong> grapes.<br />
A szobrok bronz<strong>ból</strong> <strong>vannak</strong>. – The statues <strong>are</strong> <strong>made of</strong> bronze.</p>
<p>STATE OF HEALTH:<br />
Hogy <strong>vagy</strong>? – How <strong>are you</strong>?<br />
Jól <strong>vagyok</strong>. – <strong>I’m</strong> fine.<br />
<strong>Nem vagyok </strong>túl jól. – <strong>I’m not</strong> too well.</p>
<p>POSSESSION: <em>with dative pronouns or -nak, -nek suffixes</em> and <span style="text-decoration:underline;">possessive endings</span><br />
<em>Nekem</em> <strong>van</strong> egy autó<span style="text-decoration:underline;">m</span>. – <em>I</em> <strong>have</strong> a car.<br />
<em>Nekik </em>lány<span style="text-decoration:underline;">aik</span> <strong>vannak</strong>, nem fi<span style="text-decoration:underline;">aik</span>. – <em>They</em> <strong>have</strong> daughters, not sons.<br />
Gábor<em>nak</em> még egy esély<span style="text-decoration:underline;">e</span> <strong>van</strong>. – <em>Gábor</em> <strong>has</strong> one chance.<br />
A ház<em>nak</em> <strong>van</strong> tete<span style="text-decoration:underline;">je</span>, de rozoga. – <em>The house</em> <strong>has</strong> a roof, but it’s shaky.</p>
<p>WHEATER, TIME, DATE, PERIODS OF THE DAY/WEEK/YEAR:<br />
Meleg <strong>van</strong>. – <strong>It is</strong> hot.<br />
Esős idő <strong>van</strong>. – <strong>It is</strong> rainy.<br />
Hány óra <strong>van</strong>? – What time <strong>is it</strong>?<br />
Fél három van. – <strong>It is</strong> half past two.<br />
2011. október 25.-e <strong>van</strong>. – <strong>It is</strong> 25 October, 2011.<br />
Hétfő <strong>van</strong>. – <strong>It is</strong> Monday.<br />
Január <strong>van</strong>. – <strong>It is</strong> January.</p>
<p>And various idiomatic expressions:</p>
<p>BENNE VAN = TO BE IN<br />
-Buli lesz a strandon. Te is jössz? -<strong>Benne vagyok</strong>.<br />
-There’s gonna be a beach party. Are you coming? -<strong>I’m in</strong>.</p>
<p>AZON VAN, HOGY + IMPERATIVE MOOD = TO DO ONE’S BEST TO<br />
<strong>Azon vagyok, hogy</strong> <em>megtanuljam</em> a leckét.<br />
<strong>I’m doing my best</strong> <em>to learn</em> the lesson.<br />
<strong>Azon vannak, hogy</strong> <em>ne késsenek el</em>.<br />
<strong>They’re doing their best</strong> <em>not to be late</em>.</p>
<p>ÚGY VOLT, HOGY + PRESENT TENSE = SOMEONE WAS TO DO SOMETHING<br />
<strong>Úgy volt, hogy</strong> <em>eljövök</em>, de valami közbejött.<br />
<strong>I was to</strong> <em>come</em>, but something came up.<br />
<strong>Úgy volt, hogy</strong> együtt <em>megyünk</em> moziba, de Péter még sehol sincs.<br />
<strong>We were to</strong> <em>go</em> to the movies together, but Peter is not here yet.</p>
<p>Van benne valami. – There’s something in it.<br />
Na mi van? – What’s up?<br />
Hol volt, hol nem volt, volt egyszer egy. &#8211; Once upon a time there was a…</p>
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		<title>MEGVAN!</title>
		<link>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/megvan/</link>
		<comments>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/megvan/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Nov 2011 07:58:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>hunlang</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Vocabulary]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://hunlang.wordpress.com/?p=1321</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[MEGVAN! This verb has several meanings. It doesn’t hurt to know one or two. 1. MEGVAN – THERE IS Synonyms can be: VAN NEKI – TO HAVE; LÉTEZIK – TO EXIST; MEGTALÁLHATÓ – TO BE FOUND Megvan a lehetőség arra, hogy külföldre menjünk. There is a possibility for us to go abroad. We have the [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=hunlang.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9542183&amp;post=1321&amp;subd=hunlang&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>MEGVAN!</strong></p>
<p>This verb has several meanings. It doesn’t hurt to know one or two.</p>
<p>1. MEGVAN – THERE IS<br />
Synonyms can be: VAN NEKI – TO HAVE; LÉTEZIK – TO EXIST; MEGTALÁLHATÓ – TO BE FOUND</p>
<p><strong>Megvan</strong> a lehetőség arra, hogy külföldre menjünk.<br />
<strong>There is </strong>a possibility for us to go abroad.<br />
<strong>We have </strong>the possibility to go abroad.</p>
<p>Ez az atlasz <strong>megvan</strong> a könyvtárban is.<br />
This atlas <strong>is to be found </strong>in the library, too.</p>
<p>2. MEGVAN = TALÁL – TO HAVE, TO FIND, TO BE</p>
<p>-Hol van az órám? –Nem az ágyon hagytad? –De igen, <strong>megvan</strong>!<br />
-Where is my watch? –Didn’t you leave it on the bed? –Yes, <strong>there it is</strong>!</p>
<p><strong>Megvan! – Here/There it is! I’ve found it! I’ve got it!</strong></p>
<p>3. MEGVAN – TO GO INTO (math)</p>
<p>Tíz<em>ben</em> az öt kétszer <strong>van meg</strong>.<br />
Five <strong>goes </strong><em>into</em> ten twice.</p>
<p>-<strong>Megvan</strong> a három a huszonhétben kilencszer? –Igen, <strong>megvan</strong>.<br />
-<strong>Does </strong>three <strong>go</strong> into twenty-seven nine times? –Yes, <strong>it does</strong>.</p>
<p>-Hányszor <strong>van meg</strong> az öt a tizenötben? –Háromszor <strong>van meg</strong>.<br />
-How many times does five go into fifteen? –<strong>It goes</strong> three times.</p>
<p>4. MEGVAN = KÉSZ VAN, BE VAN FEJEZVE – TO BE READY/FINISHED/DONE</p>
<p>-Még az íróasztalt is a házba kell vinni. –Már <strong>megvan</strong>.<br />
-We’ll also have to bring the desk in the house. –<strong>It is </strong>already <strong>done</strong>.</p>
<p>-A leckét megírtad? –Mondtam, hogy már <strong>megvan</strong>.<br />
-Have you done your homework? –I’ve told you <strong>it’s done/ready</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Megvan</strong> a második vágány az új pályaudvaron.<br />
The second platform <strong>has been finished/is done</strong> at the new railway station.</p>
<p>5. MEGVAN = NEM PANASZKODIK – TO BE JUST FINE/SO SO</p>
<p>-Hogy vagy? –<strong>Megvagyok</strong>/Nincs okom panaszra.<br />
-How are you? –<strong>So so</strong>/I have no reason to complain.</p>
<p>Valahogy majd csak <strong>megleszünk</strong>.<br />
<strong>We’ll be just fine</strong>.</p>
<p>6. MEGVAN -VAL, -VEL – TO GET ON WELL WITH</p>
<p>Jól <strong>megvannak</strong> <em>egymással</em>. – They<em> </em><strong>get on well </strong><em>with each other</em>.<br />
Jól <strong>megvagyok</strong> vele. – <strong>I get on well</strong> with him.</p>
<p>7. MEGVAN – TO BE FINE; TO LIVE WITHOUT MAJOR PROBLEMS</p>
<p>-Mi újság? –Semmi különös. <strong>Megvagyunk</strong>.<br />
-What’s new? –Nothing special. <strong>We’re fine</strong>.</p>
<p>8. MEGVAN … NÉLKÜL – TO DO WITHOUT …</p>
<p>Már nincs meg az autóm, de mindegy. <strong>Megvagyok</strong> autó <strong>nélkül</strong>.<br />
I no longer have a car, but it doesn’t matter. <strong>I can do without</strong> a car.</p>
<p>Csak csak <strong>megvannak</strong> az apjuk<strong> nélkül</strong> is.<br />
They <strong>scratch along</strong> somehow <strong>without </strong>their father.</p>
<p>9. MEGVAN! = MÁR ÉRTEM! – TO UNDERSTAND</p>
<p><strong>Megvan!</strong> Szóval így kell megoldani az egyenletet.<br />
<strong>I’ve got it!</strong> That’s how you solve this equation.</p>
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		<title>All Irregular Hungarian Verbs</title>
		<link>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2011/08/16/all-irregular-hungarian-verbs/</link>
		<comments>http://hunlang.wordpress.com/2011/08/16/all-irregular-hungarian-verbs/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Aug 2011 10:32:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>hunlang</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Verbs/Tenses/Moods]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[ALL HUNGARIAN IRREGULAR VERBS This list contains all irregular Hungarian verbs. There is no more than 23. When the verb is intransitive, it can be conjugated in the indefinite way. When the verb is transitive, it can be conjugated in the definite way. 1. Generally speaking, Hungarian verbs can use both the definite and indefinite [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=hunlang.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9542183&amp;post=1319&amp;subd=hunlang&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>ALL HUNGARIAN IRREGULAR VERBS</strong></p>
<p>This list contains all irregular Hungarian verbs. There is no more than 23.</p>
<p>When the verb is intransitive, it can be conjugated in the indefinite way. When the verb is transitive, it can be conjugated in the definite way.</p>
<p>1. Generally speaking, Hungarian verbs can use both the definite and indefinite connjugation.<br />
2. Some verbs cannot use the definite conjugation because it would make no sense at all.<br />
3. Others can be conjugated with the definite suffixes, but they need a verbal prefix so that they become transitive.</p>
<p>A * indicates if a verb only has the indefinite conjugation.</p>
<p align="center"><strong>*LENNI</strong> (TO BE)</p>
<p>This infinitive is for two verbs: <strong>van, lesz</strong>. <strong>Van</strong> means <strong>is/there is.</strong> <strong>Lesz</strong> means <strong>will be/there will be/becomes</strong>. Only the indefinite conjugation is possible.</p>
<p>Present: vagyok, vagy, van, vagyunk, vagytok, vannak<br />
Past: voltam, voltál, volt, voltunk, voltatok, voltak<br />
Future: leszel, leszel, lesz, leszünk, lesztek, lesznek<br />
Present Conditional: volnék, volnál, volna, volnánk, volnátok, volnának<br />
Past Conditional: lettem volna, lettél volna<br />
Imperative: legyek, légy/legyél, legyen, legyünk, legyetek, legyenek</p>
<p>Present: leszek, leszel, lesz, leszünk, lesztek, lesznek<br />
Past: lettem, lettél, lett, lettünk, lettetek, lettek<br />
Future = Past<br />
Present Conditional: lennék, lennél, lenne, lennénk, lennétek, lennének<br />
Past Conditional: lettem volna, lettél volna<br />
Imperative: legyek, légy/legyél, legyen, legyünk, legyetek, legyenek</p>
<p>Otthon <strong>vagyok</strong>. – <strong>I’m</strong> at home.<br />
Tanár <strong>vagyok</strong>. – <strong>I’m</strong> a teacher.<br />
Otthon <strong>leszek</strong>. – <strong>I’ll be</strong> at home.<br />
Ügyvéd <strong>leszek</strong>. – <strong>I’ll be</strong> a lawyer.<br />
Holnap felvonulás <strong>lesz</strong>. – Tomorrow <strong>there will be</strong> a procession.<br />
A hernyóból pillangó <strong>lesz</strong>. – Caterpillars <strong>become</strong> butterflies.</p>
<p align="center"><strong>*MENNI</strong> (TO GO)</p>
<p>Present: megyek, mész, megy, megyünk, mentek, mennek<br />
Past: mentem, mentél, ment, mentünk, mentetek, mentek<br />
Future: menni fogok, menni fogsz…<br />
Present Conditional: mennék, mennél, menne, mennénk, mennétek, mennének<br />
Past Conditional: mentem volna, mentél volna…<br />
Imperative: menjek, menj/menjél, menjen, menjünk, menjetek, menjenek</p>
<p align="center"><strong>*JÖNNI</strong> (TO COME)</p>
<p>Present: jövök, jössz, jön, jövünk, jöttök, jönnek<br />
Past: jöttem, jöttél, jött, jöttünk, jöttetek, jöttek<br />
Future: jönni fogok, jönni fogsz…<br />
Present Conditional: jönnék, jönnél, jönne, jönnénk, jönnétek, jönnének<br />
Past Conditional: jöttem volna, jöttél volna…<br />
Imperative: jöjjek, gyere, jöjjön, jöjjünk, gyertek, jöjjenek</p>
<p>The Hungarian aspect of coming and going is as follows:</p>
<p>-<strong>Jössz</strong> az ünnepségre? -Igen, <strong>megyek</strong>.<br />
-<strong>Are you coming</strong> to the feast? -Yes, <strong>I’m going</strong>.</p>
<p>The answer is not  jövök because <strong>the direction towards a place is more important from the point of view of the person being asked.</strong></p>
<p align="center"><strong>ENNI</strong> (TO EAT) &gt; verb in –ik</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: eszem, eszel, eszik, eszünk, esztek, esznek<br />
Present, definite: eszem, eszed, eszi, esszük, eszitek, eszik<br />
Past, indefinite: ettem, ettél, evett, ettünk, ettetek, ettek<br />
Past, definite: ettem, etted, ette, ettük, ettétek, ették<br />
Future, indefinite: enni fogok, enni fogsz…<br />
Future, definite: enni fogom, enni fogod…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: ennék, ennél, enne, ennénk, ennétek, ennének<br />
Present Conditional, definite: enném, ennéd, enné, ennénk, ennétek, ennének<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: ettem volna, ettél volna…<br />
Past Conditional, definite: ettem volna, etted volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: egyek, egyél, egyen, együnk, egyetek, egyenek<br />
Imperative, definite: egyem, edd/egyed, egye, együk, egyétek, egyék</p>
<p align="center"><strong>INNI</strong> (TO DRINK) &gt; verb in –ik</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: iszom, iszol, iszik, iszunk, isztok, isznak<br />
Present, definite: iszom, iszod, issza, isszuk, isszátok, isszák<br />
Past, indefinite: ittam, ittál, ivott, ittunk, ittatok, ittak<br />
Past, definite: ittam, ittad, itta, ittuk, ittátok, itták<br />
Future, indefinite: inni fogok, inni fogsz…<br />
Future, definite: inni fogom, inni fogod…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: innék, innál, inna, innánk, innátok, innának<br />
Present Conditional, definite: innám, innád, inná, innánk, innátok, innák<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: ittam volna, ittál volna…<br />
Past Conditional, definite: ittam volna, ittad volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: igyak, igyál, igyon, igyunk, igyatok, igyanak<br />
Imperative, definite: igyam, idd/igyad, igya, igyuk, igyátok, igyák</p>
<p align="center"><strong>ALUDNI</strong> (TO SLEEP) &gt; verb in –ik</p>
<p>It needs a verbal prefix so that it can use definite conjugation. Example:</p>
<p><strong>Kialszom</strong> a fáradtságot. – <strong>I’ll sleep out</strong> my fatigue.</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: alszom, alszol, alszik, alszunk, alszotok, alszanak<br />
Present, definite: alszom, alszod, alussza, alusszuk, alusszátok, alusszák<br />
Past, indefinite: aludtam, aludtál, aludt, aludtunk, aludtatok, aludtak<br />
Past, definite: aludtam, aludtad, aludta, aludtuk, aludtátok, aludták<br />
Future, indefinite: aludni fogok, aludni fogsz…<br />
Future, definite: aludni fogom, aludni fogod…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: aludnék, aludnál, aludna, aludnánk, aludnátok, aludnának<br />
Present Conditional, definite: aludnám, aludnád, aludná, aludnánk, aludnátok, aludnák<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: aludtam volna, aludtál volna…<br />
Past Conditional, definite: aludtam volna, aludtad volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: aludjak, aludj/aludjál, aludjon, aludjunk, aludjatok, aludjanak<br />
Imperative, definite: aludjam, aludd/aludjad, aludja, aludjuk, aludjátok, aludják</p>
<p align="center"><strong>*NYUGODNI</strong> (TO REST) &gt; verb in –ik</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: nyugszom, nyugszol, nyugszik, nyugszunk, nyugszotok, nyugszanak<br />
Past, indefinite: nyugodtam, nyugodtál, nyugodott, nyugodtunk, nyugodtatok, nyugodtak<br />
Future, indefinite: nyugodni fogok, nyugodni fogsz…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: nyugodnék, nyugodnál, nyugodna, nyugodnánk, nyugodnátok, nyugodnának<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: nyugodtam volna, nyugodtál volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: nyugodjak, nyugodj/nyugodjál, nyugodjon, nyugodjunk, nyugodjatok, nyugodjanak</p>
<p align="center"><strong>FEKÜDNI</strong> (TO LIE SOMEWHERE) &gt; verb in –ik</p>
<p>It needs a verbal prefix so that it can use definite conjugation. Example:</p>
<p><strong>Kifekszem</strong> a betegséget. – <strong>I’ll stay in bed</strong> until I’ve recovered.</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: fekszem, fekszel, fekszik, fekszünk, fekszetek, fekszenek<br />
Present, definite: fekszem, fekszed, fekszi, feküdjük, fekszitek, fekszik<br />
Past, indefinite: feküdtem, feküdtél, feküdt, feküdtünk, feküdtetek, feküdtek<br />
Past, definite: feküdtem, feküdted, feküdte, feküdtük, feküdtétek, feküdték<br />
Future, indefinite: feküdni fogok, feküdni fogsz…<br />
Future, definite: feküdni fogom, feküdni fogod…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: feküdnék, feküdnél, feküdne, feküdnénk, feküdnétek, feküdnének<br />
Present Conditional, definite: feküdném, feküdnéd, feküdné, feküdnénk, feküdnétek, feküdnék<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: feküdtem volna, feküdtél volna…<br />
Past Conditional, definite: feküdtem volna, feküdted volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: feküdjek, feküdj/feküdjél, feküdjön, feküdjünk, feküdjetek, feküdjenek<br />
Imperative, definite: feküdjem, feküdd/feküdjed, feküdje, feküdjük, feküdjétek, feküdjék</p>
<p align="center"><strong>TENNI</strong> (TO PUT/TO DO)</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: teszek, teszel, tesz, teszünk, tesztek, tesznek<br />
Present, definite: teszem, teszed, teszi, tesszük, teszitek, teszik<br />
Past, indefinite: tettem, tettél, tett, tettünk, tettetek, tettek<br />
Past, definite: tettem, tetted, tette, tettük, tettétek, tették<br />
Future, indefinite: tenni fogok, tenni fogsz…<br />
Future, definite: tenni fogom, tenni fogod…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: tennék, tennél, tenne, tennénk, tennétek, tennének<br />
Present Conditional, definite: tenném, tennéd, tenné, tennénk, tennétek, tennék<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: tettem volna, tettél volna…<br />
Past Conditional, definite: tettem volna, tetted volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: tegyek, tégy/tegyél, tegyen, tegyünk, tegyetek, tegyenek<br />
Imperative, definite: tegyem, tedd/tegyed, tegye, tegyük, tegyétek, tegyék</p>
<p align="center"><strong>VENNI</strong> (TO TAKE/TO BUY)</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: veszek, veszel, vesz, veszünk, vesztek, vesznek<br />
Present, definite: veszem, veszed, veszi, vesszük, veszitek, veszik<br />
Past, indefinite: vettem, vettél, vett, vettünk, vettetek, vettek<br />
Past, definite: vettem, vetted, vette, vettük, vettétek, vették<br />
Future, indefinite: venni fogok, venni fogsz…<br />
Future, definite: venni fogom, venni fogod…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: vennék, vennél, venne, vennénk, vennétek, vennének<br />
Present Conditional, definite: venném, vennéd, venné, vennénk, vennétek, vennék<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: vettem volna, vettél volna…<br />
Past Conditional, definite: vettem volna, vetted volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: vegyek, végy/vegyél, vegyen, vegyünk, vegyetek, vegyenek<br />
Imperative, definite: vegyem, vedd/vegyed, vegye, vegyük, vegyétek, vegyék</p>
<p align="center"><strong>VINNI</strong> (TO BRING/TO TAKE)</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: viszek, viszel, visz, viszünk, visztek, visznek<br />
Present, definite: viszem, viszed, viszi, visszük, viszitek, viszik<br />
Past, indefinite: vittem, vittél, vitt, vittünk, vittetek, vittek<br />
Past, definite: vittem, vitted, vitte, vittük, vittétek, vitték<br />
Future, indefinite: vinni fogok, vinni fogsz…<br />
Future, definite: vinni fogom, vinni fogod…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: vinnék, vinnél, vinne, vinnénk, vinnétek, vinnének<br />
Present Conditional, definite: vinném, vinnéd, vinné, vinnénk, vinnétek, vinnék<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: vittem volna, vittél volna…<br />
Past Conditional, definite: vittem volna, vitted volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: vigyek, vigyél, vigyen, vigyünk, vigyetek, vigyenek<br />
Imperative, definite: vigyem, vidd/vigyed, vigye, vigyük, vigyétek, vigyék</p>
<p align="center"><strong>HINNI</strong> (TO BELIEVE)</p>
<p>This verb has <strong>double ggy in the Imperative</strong>.</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: hiszek, hiszel, hisz, hiszünk, hisztek, hisznek<br />
Present, definite: hiszem, hiszed, hiszi, hisszük, hiszitek, hiszik<br />
Past, indefinite: hittem, hittél, hitt, hittünk, hittetek, hittek<br />
Past, definite: hittem, hitted, hitte, hittük, hittétek, hitték<br />
Future, indefinite: hinni fogok, hinni fogsz…<br />
Future, definite: hinni fogom, hinni fogod…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: hinnék, hinnél, hinne, hinnénk, hinnétek, hinnének<br />
Present Conditional, definite: hinném, hinnéd, hinné, hinnénk, hinnétek, hinnék<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: hittem volna, hittél volna…<br />
Past Conditional, definite: hittem volna, hitted volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: higgyek, higgyél, higgyen, higgyünk, higgyetek, higgyenek<br />
Imperative, definite: higgyem, hidd/higgyed, higgye, higgyük, higgyétek, higgyék</p>
<p align="center"><strong>NŐNI</strong> (TO GROW) &gt; verb with v</p>
<p>It can use definite conjugation with a verbal prefix. Example:</p>
<p><strong>Kinőttem</strong> a ruhát. – <strong>I grew out</strong> the clothes.</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: növök, nősz, nő, növünk, nőtök, nőnek<br />
Present, definite: növöm, növöd, növi, nőjük, növitek, növik<br />
Past, indefinite: nőttem, nőttél, nőtt, nőttünk, nőttetek, nőttek<br />
Past, definite: nőttem, nőtted, nőtte, nőttük, nőttétek, nőtték<br />
Future, indefinite: nőni fogok, nőni fogsz…<br />
Future, definite: nőni fogom, nőni fogod…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: nőnék, nőnél, nőne, nőnénk, nőnétek, nőnének<br />
Present Conditional, definite: nőném, nőnéd, nőné, nőnénk, nőnétek, nőnék<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: nőttem volna, nőttél volna…<br />
Past Conditional, definite: nőttem volna, nőtted volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: nőjek, nőj/nőjél, nőjön, nőjünk, nőjetek, nőjenek<br />
Imperative, definite: nőjem, nődd/nőjed, nője, nőjük, nőjétek, nőjék</p>
<p align="center"><strong>SZŐNI</strong> (TO WEAVE) &gt; verb with v</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: szövök, szősz, sző, szövünk, szőtök, szőnek<br />
Present, definite: szövöm, szövöd, szövi, szőjük, szövitek, szövik<br />
Past, indefinite: szőttem, szőttél, szőtt, szőttünk, szőttetek, szőttek<br />
Past, definite: szőttem, szőtted, szőtte, szőttük, szőttétek, szőtték<br />
Future, indefinite: szőni fogok, szőni fogsz…<br />
Future, definite: szőni fogom, szőni fogod…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: szőnék, szőnél, szőne, szőnénk, szőnétek, szőnének<br />
Present Conditional, definite: szőném, szőnéd, szőné, szőnénk, szőnétek, szőnék<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: szőttem volna, szőttél volna…<br />
Past Conditional, definite: szőttem volna, szőtted volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: szőjek, szőj/szőjél, szőjön, szőjünk, szőjetek, szőjenek<br />
Imperative, definite: szőjem, sződd/szőjed, szője, szőjük, szőjétek, szőjék</p>
<p align="center"><strong>LŐNI</strong> (TO SHOOT) &gt; verb with v</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: lövök, lősz, lő, lövünk, lőtök, lőnek<br />
Present, definite: lövöm, lövöd, lövi, lőjük, lövitek, lövik<br />
Past, indefinite: lőttem, lőttél, lőtt, lőttünk, lőttetek, lőttek<br />
Past, definite: lőttem, lőtted, lőtte, lőttük, lőttétek, lőtték<br />
Future, indefinite: lőni fogok, lőni fogsz…<br />
Future, definite: lőni fogom, lőni fogod…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: lőnék, lőnél, lőne, lőnénk, lőnétek, lőnének<br />
Present Conditional, definite: lőném, lőnéd, lőné, lőnénk, lőnétek, lőnék<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: lőttem volna, lőttél volna…<br />
Past Conditional, definite: lőttem volna, lőtted volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: lőjek, lőj/lőjél, lőjön, lőjünk, lőjetek, lőjenek<br />
Imperative, definite: lőjem, lődd/lőjed, lője, lőjük, lőjétek, lőjék</p>
<p align="center"><strong>*FŐNI</strong> (TO BE BOILED/COOKED) &gt; verbo con v</p>
<p>This verbs is only reasonable in the 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular and plural form.</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: fő, főnek<br />
Past, indefinite: főtt, főttek<br />
Future, indefinite: főni fog, főni fognak<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: főne, főnének<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: főtt volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: főjön, főjenek</p>
<p align="center"><strong>RÓNI</strong> (TO REPREHEND) &gt; verb with v</p>
<p>This verb is extremely rare. In fact, it is used with verbal prefix meg-: <strong>megróni</strong>. And also <strong>kiróni</strong> (inflict – a punishment).</p>
<p>Present, indefinite: rovok, rósz, ró, rovunk, rótok, rónak<br />
Present, definite: rovom, rovod, rója, rójuk, rójátok, róják<br />
Past, indefinite: róttam, róttál, rótt, róttunk, róttatok, róttak<br />
Past, definite: róttam, róttad, rótta, róttuk, róttátok, rótták<br />
Future, indefinite: róni fogok, róni fogsz…<br />
Future, definite: róni fogom, róni fogod…<br />
Present Conditional, indefinite: rónék, rónál, róna, rónánk, rónátok, rónának<br />
Present Conditional, definite: rónám, rónád, róná, rónánk, rónátok, rónák<br />
Past Conditional, indefinite: róttam volna, róttál volna…<br />
Past Conditional, definite: róttam volna, róttad volna…<br />
Imperative, indefinite: rójak, rój/rójál, rójon, rójunk, rójatok, rójanak<br />
Imperative, definite: rójam, ródd/rójad, rója, rójuk, rójátok, róják</p>
<p align="center"><strong>VERBS IN -AD, -ED</strong></p>
<p>Five verbs have an irregular past in comparison with other verbs having the same ending. These are: <strong>tagad</strong> (to deny), <strong>fogad</strong> (to recieve), <strong>szenved</strong> (to suffer), <strong>enged</strong> (to allow), <strong>téved</strong> (to be wrong). However, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">this irregularity is only to be found in the past tense with the indefinite conjugation, 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular</span>.</p>
<p>The indefinite Past Tense 3<sup>rd</sup> person singular: <strong>tagadott, fogadott, szenvedett, engedett, tévedett</strong>. You see they take <strong>-ott, -ett</strong> instead of -t.</p>
<p>The others verbs in –ad, -ed just take –t: <strong>eredt</strong> (had its origin), <strong>ragadt</strong> (stuck)…</p>
<p>The vebr téved is deceiving. If it means <span style="text-decoration:underline;">to be wrong</span>, it takes -ett in the past. If it means <span style="text-decoration:underline;">to lose one’s way,</span> it takes the el- verbal prefix and –t in the past tense:</p>
<p>A lány <strong>tévedett</strong>. – The girl <strong>was wrong</strong>.<br />
A lány <strong>eltévedt</strong>. – The girl<strong> has lost her way</strong>.</p>
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		<title>Conjunctions</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Aug 2011 10:32:09 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Conjunctions]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[CONJUNCTION &#8211; KÖTŐSZÓ ÉS, MEG Equivalent: and. The difference between és and meg is that meg expresses a little bit closer connection to something. én és te &#8211; me and you Az alkohol meg a gyógyszer nem a legjobb páros. Alcohol and medinice don’t harmonize. A lány nevetett, és én visszanevettem.       A lány nevetett, én [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=hunlang.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9542183&amp;post=1316&amp;subd=hunlang&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>CONJUNCTION &#8211; KÖTŐSZÓ</strong></p>
<p><strong>ÉS, MEG</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>and</strong>. The difference between és and meg is that <strong>meg expresses a</strong> little bit <strong>closer connection</strong> to something.</p>
<p>én <strong>és</strong> te &#8211; me <strong>and</strong> you</p>
<p>Az alkohol <strong>meg</strong> a gyógyszer nem a legjobb páros.<br />
Alcohol <strong>and</strong> medinice don’t harmonize.</p>
<p>A lány nevetett, <strong>és</strong> én visszanevettem.      <br />
A lány nevetett, én <strong>meg</strong> visszanevettem.<br />
The girl was laughing <strong>and</strong> I laughed back.</p>
<p>A kutya <strong>meg</strong> a macska! &#8211; Come up!</p>
<p>&#8220;A kutya meg a macska!&#8221; is said to small children as reprehension. One can also say: <strong>A kutyafáját! Teringettét!</strong></p>
<p>The conjunction <strong>és can have an inverse meaning close to ’but’</strong>. Look at this:</p>
<p>Ezt mondja, <strong>és</strong> közben teljesen mást csinál.<br />
He’s saying this <strong>and</strong> doing another thing.</p>
<p><strong>PEDIG</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>and, but; yet</strong>. It’s an interesting conjunction because it has three meanings. Take a look at the examples:</p>
<p>Mérges lett rám, <strong>pedig</strong> én már azelőtt megmondtam, hogy nem segítek.<br />
He got mad at me, <strong>yet</strong>, I’d told him long before I wouldn’t help him.</p>
<p>Ő takarít, te <strong>pedig</strong> bevásárolsz.<br />
She’ll tidy up <strong>and</strong> you’ll do the shopping.</p>
<p>Rosszul sült el, <strong>pedig</strong> nem akartak rosszat.<br />
It went wrong, <strong>but</strong> they meant no harm.</p>
<p><strong>IS, SZINTÉN, ÉPPN ÚGY, VALAMINT</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent:<br />
is, szintén = <strong>also, too<br />
</strong>éppen úgy = <strong>just as<br />
</strong>valamint = <strong>as well as</strong></p>
<p>These conjunctions <strong>must follow what they refer to!</strong></p>
<p>Azt <strong>is</strong> tudja, hogy hazudtál. &#8211; He <strong>also</strong> knows you lied.</p>
<p>Én <strong>is</strong> láttam. &#8211; I saw it, <strong>too</strong>.</p>
<p>Csak hallottad vagy láttad <strong>is</strong>?<br />
Did you hear it or you <strong>also</strong> saw it?</p>
<p>Mi <strong>is</strong> megyünk? &#8211; Are we going, <strong>too</strong>?</p>
<p>Ők <strong>épp úgy </strong>nem értik, mint a többiek.<br />
They don’t get it <strong>just as </strong>the others don’t.</p>
<p>A vizsga nyolckor kezdődik, <strong>valamint</strong> ne felejtsétek el, hogy…<br />
The exam begins at eight, <strong>as well as </strong>you shouldn’t forget…</p>
<p>The conjunction <strong>valamint</strong> has two functions: <strong>and, too</strong>. However, it is used in a more formal context. Now I just give you a nerdy example.</p>
<p>én <strong>valamint </strong>Péter &#8211; Me <strong>and</strong> Peter, <strong>(too)</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>SE, SEM</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>either, neither, nor; even</strong>. These conjunctions <strong>must follow what they refer to!</strong> No difference between se and sem. Choose which you want.</p>
<p>Azt <strong>sem</strong> tudja, hogy hazudtál.<br />
He doesn’t <strong>even</strong> know you lied.</p>
<p>Én <strong>se</strong> láttam. &#8211; I didn’t see it, <strong>either</strong>.</p>
<p>Mi <strong>se</strong> megyünk? &#8211; Aren’t we going, <strong>either</strong>?</p>
<p>Ők <strong>sem </strong>értik, ahogy a többiek <strong>se</strong>.<br />
They don’t get it, <strong>nor</strong> do the others.</p>
<p>-Nem aludtunk egész este. –Én <strong>se</strong>!<br />
-We didn’t sleep all night. –<strong>Nor</strong> did I! / Me <strong>either</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>MÉG…IS, MÉG…SE(M)</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>even; even not</strong>. Look how they have to be used.</p>
<p><strong>Even</strong> <em>I</em> know the answer. &#8211; <strong>Még </strong><em>én</em><strong> is</strong> tudom a választ.</p>
<p><strong>Even</strong> <em>I</em> <strong>don’t</strong> know the answer.<br />
<strong>Még </strong><em>én</em><strong> sem</strong> tudom a választ.</p>
<p>I’ve kissed <em>the other girl</em>, <strong>too</strong>.<br />
<strong>Még </strong><em>a másik lányt</em><strong> is</strong> megcsókoltam.</p>
<p>I haven’t <strong>even</strong> kissed <em>the other girl</em>.<br />
<strong>Még </strong><em>a másik lányt</em><strong> sem</strong> csókoltam meg.</p>
<p><strong>VAGY, KÜLÖNBEN</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>or, otherwise</strong>. The conjunction <strong>vagy is not to be confused with the 2nd PS form of the substantive verb vagy!</strong></p>
<p>Ő <strong>vagy</strong> én, válassz! &#8211; Him <strong>or</strong> me. Choose!</p>
<p>Megnyesed a bokrot, <strong>vagy</strong> mosogatsz?<br />
Are you going to trim the bush <strong>or</strong> do the dishes?</p>
<p>Gyertek ide, <strong>különben</strong> baj lesz!<br />
Come here <strong>otherwise </strong>there will be trouble!</p>
<p>Gyertek ide <strong>vagy</strong> baj lesz!<br />
Come here <strong>or</strong> there will be trouble!</p>
<p><strong>DE, AZONBAN, CSAK</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>but, however</strong></p>
<p>Te nem ismered, <strong>de</strong> én igen.<br />
You don’t know him, <strong>but</strong> I do.</p>
<p>Megértelek, <strong>azonban</strong> ennél több kell.<br />
I see what you mean, <strong>however</strong>, we need more than that.</p>
<p>Egész nap <strong>csak</strong> tévézik.<br />
He’s doing nothing <strong>but</strong> watch tv all day long.</p>
<p><strong>MÉGIS, MÉGSE</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>still, yet, however. </strong>You can emphase mégis, mégse like this: <strong>de mégis/és mégis; és mégse/de mégse</strong>.</p>
<p>Nem terveztem, <strong>mégis </strong>szórakozni megyek.<br />
I didn’t plan, <strong>still/yet</strong>, I’m going out.</p>
<p>Szeretem, <strong>de mégse </strong>fog megbocsátani.<br />
I love her, <strong>still</strong>, she <strong>won’t</strong> forgive me.</p>
<p>Nemet mondott, <strong>mégis</strong> eljött.<br />
He said no, <strong>however</strong>, he came.</p>
<p><strong>CSAK, CSUPÁN, KIZÁRÓLAG</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>just, only</strong>. These conjunctions <strong>precede what or who they refer to!</strong></p>
<p><strong>Csak</strong> azt tudom, hogy elment.<br />
I <strong>only</strong> know she’s gone./<strong>All </strong>I know she’s gone.</p>
<p><strong>Kizárólag</strong> nem dohányzóknak!<br />
For non-smokers <strong>only</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Csak</strong> azt akartam, hogy tudd.<br />
I <strong>just</strong> wanted you to know.</p>
<p><strong>Csak</strong> erre emlékszem.<br />
That’s <strong>all</strong> I remember.</p>
<p><strong>csak</strong> te és én &#8211; <strong>just </strong>you and me</p>
<p>The word csak is also used in this situation:</p>
<p>-Miért nem mondod meg az igazat? –<strong>Csak!</strong><br />
-Why don’t you tell me the truth? –<strong>Just because!</strong></p>
<p>You also can use <strong>csupán</strong>, but it is rarely heard.</p>
<p><strong>Csupán</strong> ez maradt nekem. &#8211; That’s <strong>all </strong>left for me.</p>
<p><strong>MERT</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>because</strong></p>
<p>Beszéltem vele, <strong>mert</strong> a hivatalban voltam.<br />
I talked to her <strong>because</strong> I was in the office.</p>
<p>-Miért nem válaszolsz? -<strong>Mert</strong> nincs mit mondanom.<br />
-Why don’t you answer? –<strong>Because</strong> I have nothing to say.</p>
<p><strong>EZÉRT, EMIATT, ÍGY, TEHÁT</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>therefore, so, that’s why, like this, like that</strong></p>
<p>Utállak, <strong>ezért</strong> kilöklek az ablakból.<br />
I hate you, <strong>therefore</strong> I’ll push you out the window.</p>
<p>Gondolkodom, <strong>tehát</strong> vagyok. &#8211; I think, <strong>therefore</strong> I am.</p>
<p>Meggondoltam magam, <strong>így</strong> nem megyek.<br />
I’ve changed my mind, <strong>so</strong> I’m not going.</p>
<p><strong>Emiatt</strong> hallgatsz három napja?<br />
<strong>That’s why</strong> you haven’t said a word for three days?</p>
<p><strong>MIVEL</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>as, since, for</strong></p>
<p>Nem piszkálom, <strong>mivel</strong> nincs oda érte.<br />
I’m not annoying her, <strong>for</strong>, she dislikes it.</p>
<p><strong>Mivel</strong> jobban vagytok, iskolába is mehettek.<br />
<strong>As </strong>you guys feel better, you can go to school.</p>
<p>Nem gyanúsíthat, <strong>mivel</strong> nem tettem semmit.<br />
He can’t suspect me <strong>since</strong> I didn’t do anything.</p>
<p><strong>AKKOR, AZTÁN, MAJD</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>then</strong></p>
<p>Felment az emeletre, <strong>aztán/majd</strong> összeesett.<br />
He went upstairs, and <strong>then</strong> collapsed.</p>
<p>-Van pénzed? –Nincs. –<strong>Akkor</strong> kérj apádtól!<br />
-Do you have any money? –No. –<strong>Then</strong> ask your father for some.</p>
<p><strong>AMINT, MIALATT, MIKÖZBEN</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>as, while</strong></p>
<p>Fegyvert tartott rám, <strong>mialatt</strong> kimentem a bankból.<br />
He was pointing a gun at me <strong>while</strong> I was leaving the bank.</p>
<p><strong>Amint</strong> sétáltam, észrevettem egy szívárványt.<br />
<strong>As </strong>I was walking, I saw a rainbow.</p>
<p>The conjunction <strong>amint</strong> also has the meaning: <strong>as soon as</strong>. Synonyms are <strong>MIHELYT, AHOGY</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Amint</strong> felkelek, lezuhanyozok.<br />
<strong>As soon as</strong> I get up, I’ll take a shower.</p>
<p><strong>Ahogy</strong> az állomásra értek, megérkezett a vonat.<br />
<strong>As soon as</strong> they got to the station, the train had arrived.</p>
<p><strong>Mihelyt</strong> odaérek, felhívlak.<br />
<strong>As soon as</strong> I get there, I’ll call you.</p>
<p><strong>AMÍG, MIALATT</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>while; as long as; until</strong></p>
<p>Várj, <strong>amíg</strong> bejelentkezek! &#8211; Wait <strong>until</strong> I check in.</p>
<p><strong>Amíg</strong> te pepecselsz, elmegy a hajó.<br />
<strong>While</strong> you’re fiddling about, the ship will leave.</p>
<p><strong>Amíg</strong> nem támad rám, hidegen hagy.<br />
<strong>As long as</strong> he doesn’t attack me, I don’t care about him.</p>
<p><strong>RÖGTÖN, AZONNAL</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>immediately, right away, right now, now</strong></p>
<p><strong>Rögtön</strong> kórházba vittem a gyereket.<br />
I took the child to hospital <strong>immediately</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Azonnal</strong> csináld meg! &#8211; Do it <strong>right now</strong>!</p>
<p>-Jössz? –<strong>Azonnal</strong>. -You coming? –<strong>Right away</strong>.</p>
<p>-Majd megcsinálom a házit. –<strong>Most rögtön </strong>megcsinálod!<br />
-I’ll do the homework later. –You do it <strong>now</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>AMIKOR</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>when</strong></p>
<p>Meg fogsz lepődni, <strong>amikor</strong> bemész a házba.<br />
You’ll be surprised <strong>when</strong> you enter the house.</p>
<p><strong>VALAHÁNYSZOR, AKÁRHÁNYSZOR</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>whenever, everytime</strong></p>
<p><strong>Valahányszor</strong> egy mosoda mellett megyek el, rád gondolok.<br />
<strong>Everytime</strong> I walk past a laundry, I think of you.</p>
<p><strong>Akárhányszor</strong> kitolhatsz velem, fel se veszem.<br />
You can do me in the eye <strong>whenever</strong> you want. I don’t give a damn.</p>
<p><strong>KIVÉVE, HA; HACSAK NEM</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>unless</strong></p>
<p>Sehova nem megyek, <strong>hacsak nem </strong>kér bocsánatot.<br />
I’m not going anywhere <strong>unless </strong>she apologizes.</p>
<p>Nem veszem fel <strong>kivéve, ha </strong>vörös.<br />
I won’t wear that suit <strong>unless</strong> it’s red.</p>
<p><strong>MINTHA</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>as if, as though</strong></p>
<p>Úgy nézel rám, <strong>mintha</strong> idióta lennék.<br />
You’re looking at me <strong>as if</strong> I was an idiot.</p>
<p><strong>ELLENÉRE, MINDAZONÁLTAL, JÓLLEHET</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>nontheless, nevertheless, notwithstanding, despite, in spite of</strong></p>
<p><strong>Jóllehet</strong> esik, kiviszem a szemetet.<br />
It’s raining, <strong>nonetheless</strong>, I’ll take out the garbage.</p>
<p><strong>Annak ellenére, hogy </strong>van munkád, nem nagyon örülsz.<br />
<strong>Despite the fact that </strong>you have a job, you’re not too happy.</p>
<p>Örülök, <strong>mindazonáltal</strong> nem áltatom magam.<br />
I’m glad, <strong>nevertheless</strong>, I’m not kidding myself.</p>
<p><strong>HA; VAJON, -E</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>if, whether</strong></p>
<p><strong>Ha</strong> jössz, szólj! &#8211; <strong>If</strong> you come, tell me.</p>
<p>Kíváncsi vagyok, eljön<strong>-e</strong>.<br />
I’m wondering <strong>if</strong> he’s coming.</p>
<p><strong>Vajon</strong> eljön?<br />
<strong>I’m wondering whether</strong> he’s coming.</p>
<p><strong>NEMCSAK, HANEM…IS</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>not only…but also</strong></p>
<p><strong>Nemcsak</strong> a városba megyek, <strong>hanem</strong> vidékre <strong>is</strong>.<br />
I’m not <strong>only going</strong> downtown, <strong>but also</strong> to the countryside.</p>
<p><strong>BÁR, ÁMBÁR, JÓLLEHET, NOHA</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>albeit, though, although</strong></p>
<p><strong>Bár</strong> megeszem a borsót, nem rajongok érte.<br />
I eat peas, it’s not my favourite, <strong>though.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Jóllehet</strong> megeszem a borsót, nem rajongok érte.<br />
I eat peas, <strong>although</strong> it’s not my favourite.</p>
<p><strong>Noha</strong> megeszem a borsót, nem rajongok érte.<br />
<strong>Albeit</strong> I eat peas, it’s not my favourite.</p>
<p><strong>ABBAN A PILLANATBAN, HOGY</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>the moment</strong></p>
<p>Hazarohantam, <strong>abban a pillanatban, hogy</strong> hallottam a rossz hírt.<br />
I ran home <strong>the moment</strong> I heard the bad news.</p>
<p><strong>AHELYETT, HOGY</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>instead of</strong></p>
<p>Bulizni ment <strong>ahelyett, hogy</strong> fizikát tanulna.<br />
He went to the party <strong>instead of</strong> learning physics.</p>
<p><strong>VALÓJÁBAN, IGAZÁBÓL</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>in fact</strong></p>
<p><strong>Valójában</strong> nem szeretem a sportot.<br />
<strong>In fact</strong>, I don’t like sports.</p>
<p><strong>Igazából</strong> itthon maradtak.<br />
<strong>In fact</strong>, they stayed home.</p>
<p><strong>FELTÉVE, HA</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>provided</strong></p>
<p>Elmondom a titkomat <strong>feltéve, ha </strong>te is.<br />
I’ll tell you my secret <strong>provided</strong> so will you.</p>
<p><strong>ARRA AZ ESETRE, HA</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>in case</strong></p>
<p>Vegyél tojást <strong>arra az esetre, ha</strong> rántottát akarsz sütni.<br />
Buy some eggs <strong>in case</strong> you want to make scrambled eggs.</p>
<p><strong>(HA) ESETLEG</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>by any chance</strong></p>
<p><strong>Ha esetleg</strong> fel akarsz takarítani, tudod, hol a porszívó.<br />
If, <strong>by any chance</strong>, you want to tidy up, you know where the vacuum-cleaner is.</p>
<p>Nem tudod <strong>esetleg</strong>, hol lakik a lány?<br />
Do you know <strong>by any chance </strong>where the girl lives?</p>
<p><strong>ANÉLKÜL…, HOGY</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>without</strong></p>
<p><strong>Anélkül </strong>mész el, <strong>hogy</strong> egy sort is írnál?<br />
You leave <strong>without</strong> dropping me a line?</p>
<p><strong>MIELŐTT; AZELŐTT, HOGY</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>before</strong></p>
<p><strong>Mielőtt</strong> szundítottam egyet, három napig folyamatosan dolgoztam.<br />
<strong>Before</strong> having forty winks, I’ve been working for three days without interruption.</p>
<p><strong>AZÉRT, HOGY</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>so that, in order to, so as to, to</strong></p>
<p><strong>Azért</strong> ütötte le a nőt, <strong>hogy </strong>elvegye a tárcáját.<br />
He knocked the lady down <strong>so that </strong>he could take her wallet.</p>
<p><strong>Azért</strong> ütötte le a nőt, <strong>hogy</strong> elvegye a tárcáját.<br />
He knocked the lady down <strong>so as to </strong>take her wallet.</p>
<p><strong>Azért</strong> ütötte le a nőt, <strong>hogy</strong> elvegye a tárcáját.<br />
He knocked the lady down <strong>in order to </strong>take her wallet.</p>
<p><strong>Azért</strong> ütötte le a nőt, <strong>hogy</strong> elvegye a tárcáját.<br />
He knocked the lady down <strong>to</strong> take her wallet.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>D O U B L E   C O N J U N C T I O N S</strong></p>
<p><strong>VAGY…VAGY</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>either…or</strong></p>
<p><strong>Vagy</strong> azt csinálod, amit mondok, <strong>vagy</strong> hazamehetsz.<br />
<strong>Either </strong>you do what I’m telling you <strong>or</strong> you can go home.</p>
<p><strong>Vagy</strong> igyál, <strong>vagy</strong> vezess: a kettő együtt nem megy.<br />
Drink <strong>or</strong> drive: the two things don’t go along.</p>
<p><strong>IS…IS; AKÁR…AKÁR; MIND…MIND</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>both…and; whether…or; as well as</strong></p>
<p>Megettem az ebédet <strong>is</strong>, meg a vacsorát <strong>is</strong>.<br />
I ate up <strong>both</strong> the lunch <strong>and</strong> the dinner. </p>
<p><strong>Akár</strong> ez, <strong>akár</strong> az, nem érdekel, csak válassz!<br />
<strong>Whether</strong> this <strong>or</strong> that, I don’t care, just choose.</p>
<p><strong>Mind</strong> a beszéd, <strong>mind</strong> az előadás remek volt.<br />
The speech <strong>as well as</strong> the spectacle were great.</p>
<p><strong>SE(M)…SE(M)</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>neither…nor; either…or</strong></p>
<p><strong>Se</strong> nem alszol,<strong> se </strong>nem eszel.<br />
You’re <strong>not</strong> sleeping <strong>or</strong> eating.</p>
<p><strong>Sem</strong> a regényt nem olvastuk el, <strong>sem</strong> az újságot.<br />
We <strong>didn’t</strong> read the novel <strong>or </strong>the newspaper.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>T H E   M O R E…T H E   M O R E…</strong></p>
<p><strong>The more</strong> you eat <strong>the fatter</strong> you get. Such sentences are formed in Hungarian like this:</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>MINÉL…ANNÁL…</strong></p>
<p><strong>Minél több</strong> pénzed van, <strong>annál </strong>boldoga<strong>bb</strong> vagy.<br />
<strong>The more</strong> money you have, <strong>the </strong>happ<strong>ier</strong> you are.</p>
<p><strong>Minél </strong>sze<strong>bb</strong>, <strong>annál </strong>jo<strong>bb</strong>.<br />
<strong>The nicer</strong> <strong>the better</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Minél</strong> hossza<strong>bb</strong>, <strong>annál </strong>rossza<strong>bb</strong>.<br />
<strong>The longer the worse</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Minél</strong> <strong>többet</strong> gondolok rád, <strong>annál</strong> <strong>jobban</strong> fáj a fejem.<br />
<strong>The more</strong> I think of you, <strong>the stronger</strong> headache I have.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>H O G Y</strong></p>
<p>Equivalent: <strong>that; to</strong></p>
<p>This conjunction needs a more detailed explanation because there are more to it than meets the eye at first. Let’s see an example for what I mean:</p>
<p><em>Azt</em> javasolta, <strong>hogy</strong> költözzünk el.<br />
She proposed <strong>that</strong> we move house.</p>
<p>Such sentences require an <strong>antecedent</strong>. The sentence above has one, too: <strong>Azt</strong></p>
<p><strong>Antecedents</strong> are to be <strong>found in main clauses</strong> and they <strong>refer to subordinate clauses</strong>. They also<strong> </strong>appear <strong>in sentences with relative pronouns</strong>:</p>
<p><em>Arról</em> beszél, <strong>aki </strong>ott áll.<br />
He’s talking <em>about the person</em> (<strong>who</strong>’s) standing over there.</p>
<p>However, they don’t have to be said all the time. Sometimes they are hidden in the sentence, understood from the context. Example:</p>
<p>Ki tudta <em>(azt)</em>, <strong>hogy</strong> bűnöző?<br />
Who knew <strong>that </strong>he was a criminal?</p>
<p>NOTE! Not always does English use the conjunction ’that’, either: Who knew he was a criminal?</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>Hungarian always uses the conjunction ’hogy’!</strong></p>
<p>You see that these antecedents are formed with the demonstrative pronoun <strong>az + the proper suffixes/endings</strong>. The pronoun <strong>az can be made plural</strong> if needed:</p>
<p><em>Azokról</em> beszél, <strong>akik</strong> ott állnak.<br />
He’s talking <em>about those </em>(<strong>who</strong> are) standing over there.</p>
<p>More examples:</p>
<p><em>Azt </em>mondod, <strong>hogy</strong> kirúgtak?<br />
You’re telling me you’ve been fired?</p>
<p><em>Azt</em><strong> </strong>hiszem, <strong>hogy</strong> már jobban vagyok.<br />
I think I feel better now.</p>
<p><em>Annak</em> hiszlek, <strong>aminek</strong> akarlak.<br />
I think of you <strong>whatever</strong> I want.</p>
<p><em>Annak</em> viszi az élelmet, <strong>aki</strong> rászorul.<br />
He brings food <em>for people </em><strong>who</strong> need it.</p>
<p><em>Arról </em>beszéljünk, <strong>amiért</strong> összegyűltünk.<br />
Let’s talk about <strong>the reason why </strong>we assembled.</p>
<p><em>Attól</em>, <strong>hogy</strong> igazat mondasz, nem kedvellek jobban.<br />
<em>Just because </em>you tell the truth, I don’t like you more.</p>
<p><em>Akivel</em> összebarátkozol, <strong>arra</strong> mindig számíthatsz.<br />
You can always count <strong>on people</strong> you make friends with.</p>
<p>and so on…</p>
<p>And here I should mention the <strong>purpose and reason clause</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><strong>AZÉRT&#8230;, HOGY</strong> = …(IN ORDER) TO…, …SO THAT…<br />
<strong>AZÉRT&#8230;, MERT</strong> = …BECAUSE…</p>
<p><strong>Azért </strong>jöttem, <strong>hogy</strong> elmondjak mindent.<br />
I came <strong>to</strong> tell you everything.</p>
<p><strong>Azért</strong> kiabálok, <strong>hogy</strong> értsd, amit mondok.<br />
I’m shouting <strong>so that </strong>you understand what I’m saying.</p>
<p><strong>Azért</strong> hívtunk téged, <strong>hogy</strong> gyere velünk Párizsba.<br />
We called you <strong>to</strong> come to Paris with us.</p>
<p><strong>Azért</strong> nem találod a tárcád, <strong>mert</strong> elvesztetted.<br />
You can’t find your wallet <strong>because</strong> you lost it.</p>
<p><strong>Azért</strong> jöttem, <strong>mert</strong> el akarok mondani mindent.<br />
I came <strong>because</strong> I want to tell you everything.</p>
<p><strong>Azért</strong> megyek busszal, <strong>mert</strong> a kocsim lerobbant.<br />
I’m going by bus <strong>because</strong> my car broke down.</p>
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		<title>Pronouns</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Aug 2011 09:24:45 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[PERSONAL PRONOUNS Pronouns are words replacing nouns, noun phrases. As there is no distinction between genders, there are no masculine or feminine pronouns! Hungarian personal pronouns are only used when putting emphasis on the subject. This phenomenon is due to the definite conjugation of verbs alluding to the subject in the first place, plus suffixes [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=hunlang.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9542183&amp;post=1208&amp;subd=hunlang&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p align="center"><strong>PERSONAL PRONOUNS</strong></p>
<p><strong>Pronouns</strong> are words <strong>replacing nouns, noun phrases</strong>. As there is no distinction between genders, there <strong>are no masculine or feminine pronouns</strong>!</p>
<p><strong>Hungarian personal pronouns are only used when putting emphasis on the subject</strong>. This phenomenon is due to the definite conjugation of verbs alluding to the subject in the first place, plus suffixes are attached to the verb indicating mood, tense, number, person.</p>
<p>The personal pronouns are:</p>
<p><strong>én</strong> – I &gt;&gt; <span style="text-decoration:underline;">never capitalized</span> unless when beginning a sentence<br />
<strong>te</strong> – you &gt;&gt; <span style="text-decoration:underline;">not equal to 2nd PP</span>!<br />
<strong>ő</strong> – she/he/it &gt;&gt; <span style="text-decoration:underline;">only one pronoun for he/she</span><br />
<strong>mi</strong> – we &gt;&gt; mi is just we<br />
<strong>ti</strong> – you &gt;&gt; <span style="text-decoration:underline;">not equal to 2nd PS</span>!<br />
<strong>ők</strong> – they &gt;&gt; <span style="text-decoration:underline;">ő + plural suffix -k</span> = ők</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<p><strong>Én</strong> magyar vagyok. – <strong>I</strong>‘m Hungarian.<br />
<strong>Te</strong> ki vagy? – Who are <strong>you</strong>?<br />
<strong>Ő</strong> nem tudja. – <strong>He/She</strong> doesn’t know.<br />
<strong>Mi</strong> úszni megyünk. – <strong>We </strong>go swimming.<br />
<strong>Ti</strong> mikor jöttök? – When are <strong>you guys</strong> coming?<br />
<strong>Ők</strong> haza mennek. – <strong>They</strong>‘re going home.</p>
<p align="center"><strong>PERSONAL PRONOUNS AND FORMALITY</strong></p>
<p>Hungarian still makes a wide use of shouting someone’s first or last name (which is the exact opposite in Hungarian. If your name is John Smith, Hungarian says Smith John: <strong>family name first + given name!</strong>).</p>
<p>The pronouns for this purpose are: <strong>maga, maguk, ön, önök</strong></p>
<p>And right here we should divide these formalities in two groups: <strong>informal polite form </strong>and<strong> formal polite form</strong></p>
<p><strong>Informal polite form</strong> is expressed by <strong>maga (for 3rd PS), maguk (for 3rd PP).</strong> You use these pronouns when talking to someone you know or don’t know (yet), but that person is <strong>not superior than you</strong>: <strong>neighbour, shop assistant, old lady at the bus stop…</strong></p>
<p><strong>Formal polite form</strong> is expressed by <strong>ön (for 3rd PS), önök (3rd PP).</strong> These pronouns are for talking to someone <strong>“higher in rank”: teacher, cops, officials, doctors…</strong></p>
<p>NOTE! <strong>Hungarian polite pronouns are meant to be in the 3rd person, so the verb referring to it has to be in 3rd PS or 3rd PP!</strong></p>
<p>And now more explanation! Take a look at these sentences.</p>
<p><strong>(Ő)</strong> türelmes tanár.<br />
<strong>(Ön)</strong> türelmes tanár.<br />
<strong>(Maga)</strong> türelmes tanár.<br />
<strong>(Ők)</strong> türelmes tanárok.<br />
<strong>(Önök)</strong> türelmes tanárok.<br />
<strong>(Maguk)</strong> türelmes tanárok.</p>
<p>You see these sentences are <span style="text-decoration:underline;">the same without a personal pronoun</span>! And there’s no need to use them, if the situation is unambiguous. <span style="text-decoration:underline;">If you talk to your teacher, obviously you call him MAGA or ÖN</span> = you, and you don’t mean Ő = he, she.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">If you talk</span> to your friend standing next to you <span style="text-decoration:underline;">about a third person (your teacher), it is obvious you’re talking about the teacher.</span></p>
<p>So use these pronouns if the person in question cannot be understood from the context.</p>
<p>That would be all about formalities.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">SUMMARY:<br />
</span><strong>maga, ön</strong> = you (Mr. Ms.)<br />
<strong>maguk, önök</strong> = you (gentlemen, ladies)</p>
<p align="center"><strong>ACCUSATIVE PRONOUNS</strong></p>
<p>Accusative pronouns are the accusative versions of personal pronouns.</p>
<p><strong>engem</strong> – me<br />
<strong>téged</strong> – you<br />
<strong>őt</strong> – him/her/it<br />
<strong>minket</strong> – us<br />
<strong>titeket</strong> – you<br />
<strong>őket</strong> – them</p>
<p><strong>Hungarian accusative pronouns are rarely used</strong> because verbs with definite conjugation already allude to the direct object. That doesn’t mean that you must not use them if you want. Their use, however, needs some explanation.</p>
<p>The explanation is all about <strong>topic-prominent aspect</strong> meaning <span style="text-decoration:underline;">the most important information goes to the beginning of the sentence.</span> Following this reasoning, <strong>accusative pronouns follow the verb if not emphased</strong>, but <strong>precede the verb if emphased</strong>. <strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">When preceding the verb, they are mandatory to use. When following the verb, they are optional to use.</span></strong> <em>When Hungarian accusative pronouns are emphased, English uses verbal emphasis on the direct pronoun.</em></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">NOT EMPHASED, OPTIONAL:<br />
</span>Szeret <strong>(engem).</strong> – He loves <strong>me</strong>.<br />
Szeret<strong> (téged).</strong> – He loves<strong> you</strong>.<br />
Szereti <strong>(őt).</strong> – He/She loves <strong>her/him</strong>.<br />
Szeret <strong>(minket).</strong> – He loves <strong>us</strong>.<br />
Szeret <strong>(titeket).</strong> – He loves <strong>you</strong>.<br />
Szereti <strong>(őket).</strong> – He loves <strong>them</strong>.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">EMPHASED, MANDATORY:<br />
</span><strong>Engem</strong> szeret. – He loves <strong>me</strong>.<br />
<strong>Téged</strong> szeret. – He loves <strong>you</strong>.<br />
<strong>Őt</strong> szereti. – He/She loves <strong>her/him</strong>.<br />
<strong>Minket</strong> szeret. – He loves <strong>us</strong>.<br />
<strong>Titeket</strong> szeret. – He loves <strong>you</strong>.<br />
<strong>Őket</strong> szereti. – He loves <strong>them</strong>.</p>
<p>NOTE! <span style="text-decoration:underline;">In 3rd PS and 3rd PP, the verb is in definite conjugation, in the other numbers/persons indefinite conjugation</span> (more about this when discussing verbs).</p>
<p><strong>FORMALITIES</strong></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Polite accusative pronouns:</span> <strong>magát, magukat, önt, önöket (all translated with YOU in English)</strong></p>
<p>Szereti <strong>magát</strong>. / <strong>Magát </strong>szereti.<br />
Szereti <strong>magukat</strong>. <strong>Magukat </strong>szereti.<br />
Szereti <strong>önt</strong>. / <strong>Önt</strong> szereti.<br />
Szereti <strong>önöket</strong>. / <strong>Önöket</strong> szereti.</p>
<p align="center"><strong>DATIVE PRONOUNS</strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">All rules for the accusative pronouns are valid for the dative pronouns!</span></strong></p>
<p>Rule 1: <strong>dative pronouns not emphased, following the verb, not mandatory to use</strong><br />
Rule 2: <strong>dative pronouns emphased, preceding the verb, mandatory to use</strong></p>
<p>Here they are:</p>
<p><strong>nekem</strong> – for/to me<br />
<strong>neked</strong> – for/to you<br />
<strong>neki</strong> – for/to him, her, it<br />
<strong>nekünk</strong> – for/to us<br />
<strong>nektek</strong> – for/to you<br />
<strong>nekik</strong> – for/to them</p>
<p>Note that they are formed with: <strong>nek + -em, -ed, -i, -ünk, -tek, -ik</strong> (possessive endings)</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">NOT EMPHASED:<br />
</span>Vesz <strong>(nekem)</strong> egy könyvet. – He’ll buy a book <strong>for me</strong>.<br />
Vesz <strong>(neked)</strong> egy könyvet. – He’ll buy a book <strong>for you</strong>.<br />
Vesz <strong>(neki)</strong> egy könyvet. – He’ll buy a book <strong>for him/her</strong>.<br />
Vesz <strong>(nekünk)</strong> egy könyvet. – He’ll buy a book<strong> for us</strong>.<br />
Vesz <strong>(nektek)</strong> egy könyvet. – He’ll buy a book<strong> for you</strong>.<br />
Vesz <strong>(nekik)</strong> egy könyvet. – He’ll buy a book <strong>for them</strong>.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">EMPHASED:<br />
</span><strong>Nekem</strong> vesz egy könyvet. – He’ll buy a book <strong>for me</strong>.<br />
<strong>Neked</strong> vesz egy könyvet. – He’ll buy a book <strong>for you</strong>.<br />
<strong>Neki</strong> vesz egy könyvet. – He’ll buy a book <strong>for him/her</strong>.<br />
<strong>Nekünk</strong> vesz egy könyvet. – He’ll buy a book<strong> for us</strong>.<br />
<strong>Nektek</strong> vesz egy könyvet. – He’ll buy a book<strong> for you</strong>.<br />
<strong>Nekik</strong> vesz egy könyvet. – He’ll buy a book <strong>for them</strong>.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">FORMALITITES: </span><strong>magának, maguknak, önnek, önöknek</strong> (formal personal pronoun + -nak / -nek), <strong>all translated with FOR/TO YOU</strong> in English</p>
<p>Vesz <strong>(magának)</strong> egy könyvet. / <strong>Magának</strong> vesz egy könyvet.<br />
Vesz <strong>(maguknak)</strong> egy könyvet. / <strong>Maguknak</strong> vesz egy könyvet.<br />
Vesz <strong>(önnek)</strong> egy könyvet. / <strong>Önnek</strong> vesz egy könyvet.<br />
Vesz <strong>(önöknek)</strong> egy könyvet. / <strong>Önöknek</strong> vesz egy könyvet.</p>
<p>NOTE! English can translate Hungarian dative pronouns with the method above <strong>for someone</strong> or <strong>to someone</strong> and also with<strong> indirect object</strong> (He’ll buy <strong>me</strong> a book.)</p>
<p align="center"><strong>REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS</strong></p>
<p><strong>Reflexive pronouns refer right back to the person/subject.</strong></p>
<p>Here they are:</p>
<p><strong>magam </strong>- myself<br />
<strong>magad</strong> – yourself<br />
<strong>maga</strong> – himself/herself/itself<br />
<strong>magunk</strong> – ourselves<br />
<strong>magatok</strong> – yourselves<br />
<strong>maguk</strong> – themselves</p>
<p>These pronouns can take almost any kind of suffixes (we talk about suffixes later) and can be made accusative, dative. A few examples:</p>
<p>magam<strong>nak</strong> – <strong>for </strong>me/<strong>for</strong> myself<br />
magá<strong>tól</strong> – <strong>from </strong>himself<br />
magatok<strong>hoz</strong> – <strong>to </strong>you/<strong>to</strong> yourselves</p>
<p>and so on…</p>
<p>NOTE! The 3rd PS and 3rd PP <strong>reflexive pronouns MAGA, MAGUK</strong> <strong>have the same form as the 3rd PS and 3rd PP polite personal pronouns!</strong> So be careful:</p>
<p>Látja <strong>magát</strong>. – He can see <strong>you (Sir).</strong><strong><br />
</strong>Látja <strong>magát</strong>. – He can see<strong> himself</strong>.</p>
<p align="center"><strong>REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS</strong></p>
<p>Hungarian doesn’t always need reflexive pronouns because <span style="text-decoration:underline;">the -ik verbs assume this role</span>. Sometimes English doesn’t need these pronouns when Hungarian does.<strong> It’s all about a knowledge of vocabulary and experience</strong> and not about a strict rule. Some examples:</p>
<p>Veszek <strong>magamnak</strong> egy kocsit. – I’ll buy <strong>me</strong> a car.<br />
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">English doesn’t really need <strong>myself</strong> in this case.</span></p>
<p>Megmosaksz<strong>ik</strong>. – He washes <strong>(himself).</strong><br />
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Hungarian uses an -ik verb, English uses a verb with or without a reflexive pronoun.</span></p>
<p>So it’s really about vocabulary.</p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS WITH SUFFIXES</span></strong></p>
<p><strong>These pronouns can take almost all kind of suffixes</strong>. You don’t need to know their function yet. I just want to show you what they look like with suffixes. Let’s use the 3rd PS form<strong> MAGA (himself, herself, itself).</strong> Of course, <strong>you use deep-vowel suffixes because reflexive pronouns are deep-vowel words.</strong></p>
<p>-ban, -ben: <strong>magában</strong> (in himself)<br />
-ba, -be: <strong>magába</strong> (into himself)<br />
-ból, -ből: <strong>magából</strong> (from himself)</p>
<p>-on, -en, -ön: <strong>magán</strong> (on himself)<br />
-ra, -re: <strong>magára</strong> (onto himself)<br />
-ról, -ről: <strong>magáról</strong> (from himself)</p>
<p>-nál, -nél: <strong>magánál</strong> (by himself)<br />
-hoz, -hez, -höz: <strong>magához</strong> (towards himself)<br />
-tól, -től: <strong>magától</strong> (from himself)</p>
<p>Accusative case -t: <strong>magát</strong> (He loves himself. He’s self-important.)<br />
Dative case -nak, -nek: <strong>magának</strong> (to/for himself. He gives himself a little time.)<br />
Instrumental case -val, -vel: <strong>magával</strong> (with himself)</p>
<p align="center"><strong>RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS</strong></p>
<p>The only Hungarian reciprocal pronoun is: <strong>EGYMÁS</strong> = <strong>each other, one another</strong></p>
<p>This pronoun itself is subjective, but it takes all kind of suffixes if needed. Let’ see some of them.</p>
<p>-ba, -be: <strong>egymásba</strong> (into each other)<br />
-ban, -ben: <strong>egymásban</strong> (in each other)<br />
-ból, -ből: <strong>egymásból</strong> (from each other)<br />
-ra, -re: <strong>egymásra</strong> (onto each other)<br />
-on, -en, -ön: <strong>egymáson</strong> (on each other)<br />
-ról, -ről: <strong>egymásról</strong> (from each other)<br />
-hoz, -hez, -höz: <strong>egymáshoz</strong> (towards each other)<br />
-nál, -nél: <strong>egymásnál</strong> (by each other)<br />
-tól, -től: <strong>egymástól</strong> (from each other)</p>
<p>Accusative case: <strong>egymást</strong> (each other)<br />
Dative case: <strong>egymásnak</strong> (to/for each other)<br />
Instrumental case (with): <strong>egymással</strong> (with each other)</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<p>Ismerjük <strong>egymást</strong>. – We know <strong>each other</strong>.<br />
<strong>Egymással</strong> beszélgetnek. – They’re talking<strong> (to each other).</strong><strong><br />
<strong>Egymástól</strong></strong> várnak segítséget. – They wait for help <strong>from each other</strong>.<br />
Láttuk <strong>egymást</strong> a moziban. – We saw <strong>each other</strong> in the cinema.</p>
<p>And so on…</p>
<p>Other expressions:</p>
<p><strong>egymás után</strong> – one after the other<br />
<strong>egymás melletti</strong> – adjacent<br />
<strong>Egymás szavába vágnak</strong>. – They interrupt each other.<br />
<strong>Közel állnak egymáshoz</strong>. – They’re close to each other.<br />
<strong>Egymás idegeire mennek</strong>. – They’re getting to each other’s nerves.</p>
<p align="center"><strong>DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS</strong></p>
<p>And now we’ll try to absorb a bigger slice of the pronouns. We talk about demonstrative pronouns. It is a longer topic because there are demonstrative pronouns for quality, place, manner and so on. Today’s topic:</p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS</span></strong></p>
<p>Here they are:</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">SINGULAR</span> - <span style="text-decoration:underline;">PLURAL</span><br />
<strong>ez</strong> (this) &#8211; <strong>ezek</strong> (these)<br />
<strong>az</strong> (that) &#8211; <strong>azok</strong> (those)</p>
<p><strong>These Hungarian demonstrative pronouns (ez, ezek, az, azok) go hand in hand with the definite article.</strong></p>
<p><strong>ez a</strong> táska – <strong>this</strong> bag<br />
<strong>ezek a</strong> táskák – <strong>these</strong> bags<br />
<strong>az a</strong> táska – <strong>that</strong> bag<br />
<strong>azok a</strong> táskák -<strong> those</strong> bags</p>
<p>You see ez, ezek, az, azok are followed by <strong>the definite article</strong>: ez <strong>a</strong> táska. <strong>When the noun in plural, the pronoun is made plural, too</strong>, like in English!</p>
<p>Other examples:</p>
<p><strong>Ezt</strong> akarom. – I want <strong>this</strong>.<br />
<strong>Azokat</strong> láttam. – I saw <strong>those</strong>.<br />
<strong>Ennél</strong> jobbat nem tudok ajánlani. – I can’t offer any better <strong>than this</strong>.<br />
Voltál<strong> annál az</strong> orvosnál? – Did you go <strong>to</strong> <strong>that</strong> doctor?<br />
Mégsem veszem meg <strong>azokat a</strong> földeket. – I won’t buy<strong> those</strong> lands after all.</p>
<p>You see in the examples above that ez, ezek, az, azok can take any suffix. <strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">NOTE! If these pronouns take a suffix, the noun must take the same suffix, too!</span></strong> Example:</p>
<p>Subjective: <strong>ez a</strong> ház – <strong>this</strong> house<br />
Accusative case:: <strong>ez</strong><em><strong>t</strong></em><strong> a</strong> ház<em><strong>at</strong></em> – <strong>this</strong> house<br />
Dative case: <strong>en</strong><em><strong>nek</strong></em><strong> a</strong> ház<em><strong>nak</strong></em> – <strong>to/for this</strong> house<br />
-ban, -ben: <strong>eb</strong><em><strong>ben</strong></em><strong> a</strong> ház<em><strong>ban</strong></em> – <strong>in this</strong> house</p>
<p>and so on…</p>
<p>Of course, <strong>ez and ezek are high-vowel words, az and azok deep-vowel words!</strong></p>
<p>Now we’ll take a look at some fundamental suffixes and how they are attached to ez, az. <strong>Many times the z of ez, az assimilates with the first letter of the suffix. </strong>Summary table:</p>
<p>-ba, -be: <strong>ebbe, abba</strong><br />
-ban, -ben: <strong>ebben, abban</strong><br />
-ból, -ből: <strong>ebből, abból</strong><strong><br />
</strong>-ra, -re: <strong>erre, arra</strong><br />
-on, -en: <strong>ezen, azon *1</strong><strong><br />
</strong>-ról, -ről: <strong>erről, arról</strong><br />
-hoz, -hez: <strong>ehhez, ahhoz *2</strong><br />
-nál, -nél: <strong>ennél, annál</strong><br />
-tól, -től: <strong>ettől, attól</strong><br />
-ig: <strong>eddig, addig *3</strong><br />
-kor: <strong>ekkor, akkor</strong><br />
-ért: <strong>ezért, azért</strong><strong><br />
</strong>Accusative: <strong>ezt, azt</strong><br />
Dative: <strong>ennek, annak</strong><br />
Instrumental (-val, -vel): <strong>evvel, avval *4</strong></p>
<p><strong>*1 ezen, azon:</strong> in this combination <strong>the z does not assimilate</strong>.<br />
<strong>*2 ehhez, ahhoz:</strong> in this combination <strong>the double h is NOT DOUBLED IN SPEECH!</strong><strong><br />
<strong>*3 eddig, addig:</strong></strong> in this combination <strong>the z is replaced with the double d!</strong><strong><br />
<strong>*4 evvel, avval:</strong></strong> in this combination <strong>the z is replaced with the double v!</strong></p>
<p><strong>In the plural there is no assimilation:</strong> azokban, ezekig, ezeknek, azokra…</p>
<p align="center"><strong>LET’S PRACTISE EZ, AZ</strong></p>
<p>Remember! If ez, az stands alone you don’t need the definite article: <strong>Ezt </strong>akarom. <strong>Azt</strong> láttam. <strong>If ez, az are followed by a noun, you need the definite article: ez a ház, az a tévé.</strong> In both case, ez and az can take a variety of suffixes. <strong>If followed by a noun, the noun takes the same suffix according to vowel harmony!</strong></p>
<p>Let’s practise. I’ll give you some examples:</p>
<p><strong>this</strong> house -<strong> ez a</strong> ház<br />
<strong>that</strong> man – <strong>az az</strong> ember</p>
<p>this hat – __________ kalap<br />
that car – _________ kocsi<br />
I’m buying those chairs. – Megveszem ___________ székek_____. (accusative)<br />
Will you give her this ring? – ____________ gyűrű____ adod neki? (accusative)<br />
This girl has beautiful eyes. – ________ lány______ szép szeme van. (dative)</p>
<p align="center"><strong>DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS OF MANNER</strong></p>
<p>Demonstrative pronouns of manner are:</p>
<p><strong>így</strong> – like this<br />
<strong>úgy</strong> – like that<br />
<strong>ilyen módon</strong> – in this way<br />
<strong>olyan módon</strong> – in that way</p>
<p><strong>Obviously it is impossible for these pronouns to take suffixes.</strong></p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<p>Ez <strong>így</strong> nem mehet tovább.<br />
It can’t go on <strong>like that</strong> anymore.</p>
<p><strong>Úgy</strong> van, ahogy mondod.<br />
It’s exactly as you say. (úgy not present in this English sentence)</p>
<p><strong>Így</strong> akar rávenni, hogy elmenj vele.<br />
He want to persuade you to go with him <strong>like this</strong>.</p>
<p>Az nem<strong> úgy</strong> van ám!<br />
Things are not done <strong>like that</strong> at all!</p>
<p align="center"><strong>DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS OF PLACE</strong></p>
<p>This is the part where <strong>the three directions phenomenon</strong> should be mentioned. This phenomenon means that <strong>Hungarian has three question words for certain directions and the answers must be adjusted to those questions</strong>.</p>
<p>The questions are:</p>
<p>POSITION: <strong>Hol?</strong> (Where?)<br />
DIRECTION: <strong>Hova?</strong> (Where to?)<br />
ORIGIN: <strong>Honnan?</strong> (Where from?)</p>
<p>The demonstrative pronouns of place are:<strong> itt</strong> (here), <strong>ott </strong>(there). And this is how they change to answer the questions:</p>
<p>Hol? &gt; <strong>itt / ott</strong> (here / there)<br />
Hova? &gt; <strong>ide / oda</strong> (to here / to there)<br />
Honnan? &gt; <strong>innen / onnan</strong> (from here / from there)</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<p><strong>Itt</strong> adják a legjobb pizzát. – The best pizza is served <strong>at this place</strong>.<br />
Ne menj <strong>oda</strong>! – Don’t go <strong>over there</strong>.<br />
<strong>Onnan</strong> jövök. – I’m coming<strong> from there</strong>.<br />
Ki rakta a széket<strong> ide</strong>? – Who put the chair <strong>over here</strong>?<br />
<strong>Innen</strong> nem látni semmit. – You can’t see anything <strong>from here</strong>.</p>
<p>These pronouns can be emphased but are not often heard: <strong>emitt, amott, emide, amoda, eminnen, amonnan</strong>.</p>
<p align="center"><strong>DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS OF QUALITY</strong></p>
<p>These are:</p>
<p><strong>ilyen</strong> – such, such a, like this, of this kind<br />
<strong>olyan</strong> – such, such a, like that, of that kind</p>
<p>It is not rare in Hungarian that <strong>close things are expressed with high-vowel words</strong> (ez, így, ilyen, itt), <strong>remote things with deep-vowel words</strong> (az, úgy, olyan, ott).</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">As adjectives, ilyen/olyan don’t have a plural form!</span> As adverbs they have the plural and can take suffixes.</p>
<p>SINGULAR: <strong>ilyen, olyan</strong><br />
PLURAL: <strong>ilyenek, olyanok</strong></p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<p><strong>Ilyen</strong> barátot ritkán találni.<br />
<strong>Such a</strong> friend can be rarely found.</p>
<p>Az <strong>ilyen </strong>ételt nem szeretem.<br />
I don’t like meals <strong>of this sort</strong>.</p>
<p>Ez <strong>olyan</strong> szép!<br />
This is <strong>so </strong>beautiful!</p>
<p>Láttál már <strong>olyan </strong>filmet?<br />
Have you ever seen <strong>such a</strong> movie?</p>
<p>Zöld póló? Igen, <strong>olya</strong><em><strong>t</strong> </em>láttam tegnap.<br />
Green T-shirt? Yes. I saw <strong>one</strong> yesterday.</p>
<p><strong>Ilyenek</strong><em><strong>ről</strong></em> soha nem beszélünk.<br />
We never talk<strong> </strong><em><strong>about</strong></em><strong> such things</strong>.</p>
<p>You see olyat is accusative and ilyenekről has the suffix -ről equivalent to the preposition ‘above’ in this case.</p>
<p>Let’s take a look at ilyen, olyan with a few suffixes:</p>
<p>-ba, -be:<strong> ilyenbe, olyanba</strong><br />
-ban, -ben: <strong>ilyenben, olyanban</strong><br />
-ból, -ből: <strong>ilyenből, olyanból</strong></p>
<p>-ra, -re:<strong> ilyenre, olyanra</strong><br />
-on, -en: <strong>ilyenen, olyanon</strong><br />
-ról, -ről: <strong>ilyenről, olyanról</strong></p>
<p>-hoz, -hez: <strong>ilyenhez, olyanhoz</strong><br />
-nál, -nél: <strong>ilyennél, olyannál</strong><br />
-tól, -től: <strong>ilyentől, olyantól</strong></p>
<p>Accusative -t: <strong>ilyet, olyat</strong> *1<br />
Dative -nak, -nek:<strong> ilyennek, olyannak</strong><br />
Instrumental -val, -vel: <strong>ilyennel, olyannal</strong> *2</p>
<p>*1: ilyen/olyan + accusative -t = <strong>ilyet, olyat</strong>. <strong>The n disappears in</strong>  this combination.<br />
*2 ilyen /olyan + -vel, -val = <strong>ilyennel, olyannal</strong>. <strong>The v of -val, -vel assimilates with the n at the end of</strong> ilye<strong>n</strong>/olya<strong>n</strong>.</p>
<p>Synonyms of ilyen/olyan are:<strong> ennyire, annyira</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Ilyen/Ennyire</strong> finom húst még nem ettem!<br />
I’ve never eaten a meat <strong>as</strong> delicious <strong>as this</strong>!</p>
<p><strong>Olyan/Annyira</strong> finom!<br />
It’s <strong>so</strong> delicious!</p>
<p align="center"><strong>INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS</strong></p>
<p>Some basic question words before jumping into it:</p>
<p><strong>Mi?</strong> – What?<br />
<strong>Ki?</strong> – Who?<br />
<strong>Miért?</strong> – Why?<br />
<strong>Mikor?</strong> – When?<br />
<strong>Hogy?</strong> – How?<br />
<strong>Milyen?</strong> – What kind of? What…like? How?<br />
<strong>Melyik?</strong> – Which?<br />
<strong>Hány? Mennyi?</strong> – How much? OR How many?<br />
<strong>Meddig?</strong> – How long? OR How far?</p>
<p><strong>MI? – WHAT?</strong></p>
<p>Mi? can take almost all kind of suffixes: Mibe? Miről? Mihez? and so on…</p>
<p>What you should be careful with is that it must be <strong>accusative</strong> in certain sentences, so it becomes: <strong>Mit?</strong></p>
<p><strong>Mi </strong>van ott a padon? – <strong>What </strong>is on the bench over there?<br />
<strong>Mit</strong> akarsz? – <strong>What</strong> do you want?<br />
<strong>Mit</strong> tudnak az esetről? – <strong>What</strong> do they know about the case?</p>
<p>Many times the English preposition and the Hungarian suffix cannot be translated literally:</p>
<p><strong>Mihez</strong> értesz? – <strong>What</strong> are you proficient <strong>in</strong>?<br />
<strong>Mitől</strong> féltek? – <strong>What</strong> are you afraid<strong> of</strong>?<br />
<strong>Mibe</strong> tegyük a ruhákat? -<strong> What</strong> shall we put the clothes<strong> in(to)</strong>?<br />
<strong>Mire</strong> valók a barátok? – <strong>What</strong> are friends<strong> for</strong>?<br />
<strong>Mikor</strong> érkezik? – <strong>When </strong>will he arrive? (Mi + -kor = Mikor – When; you see you already know another question word)<br />
<strong>Minek</strong> jöttél ide? – <strong>What</strong> did you come here <strong>for</strong>? (Mi + -nek = Minek – Why; it is a less polite form for Miért?)<br />
<strong>Miért</strong> jöttél ide? – <strong>Why</strong> did you come here? (Mi + -ért = Miért – Why; the suffix -ért expresses for, for sake of)</p>
<p><strong>KI? = WHO?</strong></p>
<p><strong>It can take a lot of suffixes</strong>, except -ig. It would sound strange with -ig.</p>
<p>It is a<strong> high-vowel word just like ‘Mi?</strong>‘.</p>
<p><strong>Ki </strong>van ott? – <strong>Who</strong>‘s there?<br />
<strong>Kit</strong> láttál? – <strong>Who</strong> did you see?<br />
<strong>Kiről</strong> beszél? – <strong>Who </strong>is he talking <strong>about</strong>?<br />
<strong>Kitől</strong> futottál el? -<strong> Who </strong>did you run away <strong>from</strong>?<br />
<strong>Kiért</strong> teszed ezt? – <strong>Who</strong> are you doing this<strong> for</strong>?<br />
<strong>Kihez</strong> utazol el? – <strong>Who</strong> will you depart <strong>to</strong>?</p>
<p>and so on…</p>
<p>You see that <strong>Ki? takes high-vowel </strong>suffixes -ről, -től…</p>
<p><strong>MIÉRT? = WHY?</strong></p>
<p>This question is formed with: <strong>Mi? + -ért</strong>. The suffix <strong>-ért is equivalent to</strong> the English preposition <strong>‘for’</strong>. So the Hungarian question literally is: For what?</p>
<p><strong>Miért</strong> nem jöttél el? – <strong>Why</strong> didn’t you come?<br />
<strong>Miért </strong>sírsz? – <strong>Why</strong> are you crying?<br />
<strong>Miért </strong>akarsz a városba menni? – <strong>Why</strong> are you going dowtown?</p>
<p>A synonym for Miért? is <strong>Minek?</strong> but it sounds a little bit less polite. Sometimes it has a “despising” effect.</p>
<p><strong>Minek</strong> jöttél ide? – <strong>What</strong> did you come here <strong>for</strong>?<br />
<strong>Minek</strong> sírsz? – <strong>Why (for god’s sake)</strong> are you crying?<br />
<strong>Minek</strong> akarsz a városba menni? – <strong>What</strong> are you going downtown <strong>for</strong>?</p>
<p>Basically, the suffixes -nak, -nek and -ért mean the same thing: for, to. With -ért, the question is more polite.</p>
<p>NOTE! In the spoken language Miért? is often said like <strong>Mért?</strong> or an even more vulgar form is <strong>Mér?</strong>. <strong>I do not recommend using these ‘slang’ forms</strong> because it might be confusing with a certain conjunction: <strong>mert = because</strong></p>
<p>-<strong>Mért</strong> vagy itt? -<strong>Mert</strong> beszélni akarok veled.<br />
-<strong>Why</strong> are you here? -<strong>Because</strong> I want to talk to you.</p>
<p>You see Mért? and mert is almost the same, hence a possible confusion.</p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Always say and write Why? as: MIÉRT?</span></strong></p>
<p><strong>HOGY ? = HOW?</strong> and <strong>MILYEN? = HOW?</strong></p>
<p>These two question words are the same in English, so be careful:</p>
<p>- <strong>Hogy?</strong> is used when one is interested in a <strong>mood or condition</strong>. <strong>It CAN’T take suffixes</strong>.<br />
- <strong>Milyen?</strong> is used if you want to know about <strong>quality, characteristic</strong>. Besides, <strong>it CAN take suffixes</strong>.</p>
<p>So in more details:</p>
<p><strong>Hogy?</strong> = How?<br />
<strong>Milyen?</strong> = How? What…like? What kind of…?</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">EXAMPLES FOR MILYEN</span>?</p>
<p>-<strong>Milyen</strong> a nővéred? -<strong>Kedves</strong>.<br />
-<strong>What </strong>is your sister <strong>like</strong>? -She’s <strong>kind</strong>.</p>
<p>-<strong>Milyen</strong> idő van? -<strong>Esős</strong>.<br />
-<strong>How</strong> is the weather? -It’s <strong>rainy</strong>.</p>
<p>-Kocsit veszel? <strong>Milyenre</strong> gondoltál?<br />
-You buy a car? <strong>What car</strong> do you have in mind?</p>
<p><strong>Milyen</strong> fonnyadt az a barack!<br />
<strong>How</strong> parched that peach is!</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">EXAMPLES FOR HOGY</span>?</p>
<p>-<strong>Hogy</strong> vagy? -<strong>Jól</strong>.<br />
-<strong>How</strong> are you? -<strong>Fine</strong>.</p>
<p>Elnézést, <strong>hogy</strong> mondta?<br />
Pardon. <strong>What</strong> did you say?</p>
<p><strong>Hogy</strong> engedhetted ezt meg neki?<br />
<strong>How</strong> could you allow him to do this?</p>
<p><strong>Hogy</strong> áll a helyzet?<br />
<strong>How</strong> do things stand with you?</p>
<p>NOTE! Hogy? has another longer form <strong>Hogyan?</strong>. There is no difference in meaning. Use whichever you want. BUT <strong>Hogyan? cannot take any suffixes, either!</strong></p>
<p><strong>HÁNY?</strong> = HOW MANY? and <strong>MENNYI?</strong> = HOW MUCH?</p>
<p>The problem with these Hungarian questions is that they don’t specifically refer to countable and uncountable nouns. They refer to both. However, <strong>Hány? cannot be used with uncountable nouns</strong>. <strong>Mennyi? can be used for both</strong>. I think you understand what I mean by ‘problem’.</p>
<p><strong>Both can be made accusative, dative, instrumental.</strong> The plural wouldn’t really make any sense.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<p>-<strong>Hány</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">ember</span> van a buszon? -<strong>Tizenöt</strong>.<br />
-<strong>Mennyi</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">ember</span> van a buszon? -<strong>Tizenöt</strong>.<br />
-<strong>How many</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">people</span> are there on the bus. -<strong>Fifteen</strong>.</p>
<p>-<strong>Hány </strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">mogyorót</span> ettél? -<strong>Kettőt</strong>.<br />
-<strong>Mennyi </strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">mogyorót</span> ettél? -<strong>Kettőt</strong>.<br />
-<strong>How many</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">hazelnuts </span>have you eaten? -<strong>Two</strong>.</p>
<p>-<strong>Hányat </strong>ugrottál? -<strong>Ötöt</strong>.<br />
-<strong>Mennyit </strong>ugrottál? -<strong>Ötöt</strong>.<br />
-<strong>How many jumps</strong> did you make? -<strong>Five</strong>.</p>
<p>You see that you can use both questions for countable things. Now let’s see some uncountable things.</p>
<p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">You cannot use Hány? with uncountable nouns!</span></strong> Examples:</p>
<p>-<strong>Mennyi</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">hó</span> esett? -<strong>Sok</strong>.<br />
-<strong>How much</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">snow</span> are there? -<strong>Much</strong>.</p>
<p>-<strong>Mennyi</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">sót </span>vettél? -<strong>Keveset</strong>.<br />
-<strong>How much</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">salt</span> did you buy? -<strong>Little</strong>.</p>
<p>-<strong>Mennyi</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">pénz</span> kellene? -Tízezer <strong>forint</strong>.<br />
-<strong>How much</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">money</span> do you need? -Ten thousand <strong>forints</strong>.</p>
<p>-<strong>Mennyit</strong> ittál? -Öt <strong>litert</strong>.<br />
-<strong>How much</strong> did you drink? -Five <strong>liters</strong>.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">To make it simple for you:</span></p>
<p><strong>Hány? = countable nouns</strong><strong><br />
<strong>Mennyi? = countable and uncountable nouns</strong></strong></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Two more expressions</span>:</p>
<p align="center"><strong>Hány óra van? -</strong> What time is it?<br />
OR<br />
<strong>Mennyi az idő? – </strong>What’s the time?</p>
<p><strong>MELYIK?</strong> = WHICH?</p>
<p><strong>This question requires a specific answer</strong>, therefore <strong>the question</strong> itself is made <strong>specific with the suffix -ik</strong>. In such sentences, the English answer often contains the word: <strong>one</strong>. <strong>One is equal to accusative case</strong> in Hungarian.</p>
<p><strong>Melyik</strong> fiút szereted? A magas<strong>at</strong>.<br />
<strong>Which</strong> boy do you love? The tall <strong>one</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Melyik</strong> várost kedveled jobban? Rómá<strong>t</strong>.<br />
<strong>Which</strong> city do you prefer? Rome.</p>
<p><strong>Melyik</strong> gombot kell megnyomni? A harmadik<strong>at</strong>.<br />
<strong>Which</strong> button is to be pressed? The third <strong>one</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Melyik</strong> lányt nézed? Az egy<strong>iket</strong>.<br />
<strong>Which</strong> girl are you watching? <strong>One of</strong> them.</p>
<p><strong>Mely</strong> vállalat<strong>ok </strong>élték túl a válságot? <strong>Semelyik. / Mindegyik.</strong><strong><br />
<strong>Which</strong></strong> enterpris<strong>es</strong> survived the crisis? <strong>None of them. / All of them.</strong></p>
<p>Of course, <strong>you can make this question accusative, dative, instrumental and add suffixes to it.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Melyiket</strong> keresed? A kék<strong>et</strong>.<br />
<strong>Which</strong> are you looking for? The blue <strong>one</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Melyiknek</strong> dobtad a labdát? A szemüveges<strong>nek</strong>.<br />
<strong>Who</strong> did you throw the ball <strong>at</strong>? <strong>The one</strong> with the glasses.<br />
(Note that Melyik? also refers to people)</p>
<p><strong>Melyikkel</strong> játszol? Az<strong>zal</strong>.<br />
<strong>Which</strong> are you playing <strong>with</strong>? That <strong>one.</strong></p>
<p>As you see above in this sentence “Mely vállalatok élték túl a válságot?”, you use <strong>Mely? and make the noun plural</strong> if you talk about more things/people. But it’s not really necessary. You can also ask:</p>
<p><strong>Mely vállalat</strong> élte túl a válságot? Mindegyik.</p>
<p>We’re finished with interrogative pronouns for now. Hol? Hova? Honnan? will be dealt with when we talk about other suffixes.</p>
<p align="center"><strong>INDEFINITE PRONOUNS</strong></p>
<p>It’s quite a massive issue, so I’ll try to make it as simple as possible for you.</p>
<p>First let’s see how you form indefinite pronouns like this: somebody, nothing, anywhere…</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">The formation goes with these <strong>prefixes</strong></span>:</p>
<p><strong>VALA-</strong> = SOME-<br />
<strong>AKÁR-, BÁR-</strong> = ANY-<br />
<strong>SE-</strong> = NO-, ANY-<br />
<strong>MINDEN-, MIND-</strong> = EVERY-</p>
<p>The indefinite pronouns with akár- and bár- mean the same, so you can use the prefix you like more. The only combination impossible for bár- is with the question Hány?.<span style="text-decoration:underline;"> There is no such word</span> <strong>bárhány</strong>. The word <strong>akárhány</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">is</span> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">said instead.</span></p>
<p><strong>VALA-:</strong><strong><br />
<strong>valami</strong></strong> – something<br />
<strong>valaki</strong> – somebody<br />
<strong>valamiért</strong> – for some reason<br />
<strong>valamikor</strong> – sometime, some day<br />
<strong>valahogy</strong> – somehow<br />
<strong>valamilyen</strong> – some kind of<br />
<strong>valamelyik</strong> – one of them<br />
<strong>valameddig</strong> – for sime time; some distance<br />
<strong>valamennyi</strong> – a certain amount of<br />
<strong>valahány</strong> – a certain number of<br />
<strong>valahol</strong> – somewhere<br />
<strong>valahova</strong> – (to) somewhere<br />
<strong>valahonnan</strong> – from somewhere<br />
<strong>valamennyire</strong> – to some degree</p>
<p><strong>AKÁR-, BÁR-:</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">bár- + Hány? is not possible</span>.<br />
<strong>akármi, bármi</strong> – anything<br />
<strong>akárki, bárki</strong> – anybody<br />
<strong>akármiért, bármiért</strong> – for any reason, for whatever reason<br />
<strong>akármikor, bármikor</strong> – anytime<br />
<strong>akárhogy, bárhogy</strong> – anyhow, in any way<br />
<strong>akármilyen, bármilyen</strong> – any kind of<br />
<strong>akármelyik, bármelyik</strong> – any of them<br />
<strong>akármeddig, bármeddig</strong> – for any time; any distance<br />
<strong>akármennyi, bármennyi</strong> – no matter how much<br />
<strong>akárhány</strong> – no matter how many<br />
<strong>akárhol, bárhol</strong> – anywhere<br />
<strong>akárhova, bárhova</strong> – (to) anywhere<br />
<strong>akárhonnan, bárhonnan</strong> – from anywhere<br />
<strong>akármennyire, bármennyire</strong> – to any degree</p>
<p><strong>SE-:</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">some forms take double -m, one form needs an n consonant inserted</span>!<br />
<strong>semmi</strong> – nothing<br />
<strong>senki</strong> – nobody<br />
<strong>semmiért</strong> – for no reason<br />
<strong>semmikor</strong> – at no time, never<br />
<strong>sehogy</strong> – nowhow, by no means<br />
<strong>semmilyen</strong> – no kind of<br />
<strong>semelyik</strong> – none of them<br />
<strong>semeddig</strong> – for no time; no distance<br />
<strong>semennyi</strong> – no amount of<br />
<strong>sehány</strong> – no number of; not one<br />
<strong>sehol</strong> – nowhere<br />
<strong>sehova</strong> – (to) nowhere<br />
<strong>sehonnan</strong> – from nowhere<br />
<strong>semennyire</strong> – to no degree</p>
<p><strong>MINDEN-:</strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline;">some of these forms don’t really queue up in the line of the pronouns above</span>.<br />
<strong>minden</strong> – everything<br />
<strong>mindenki</strong> – everybody<br />
<strong>mindenért</strong> – for everthing<br />
<strong>mindenkor</strong> – always, at any time<br />
<strong>mindenképpen</strong> – anyway, by all means<br />
<strong>mindenféle</strong> – all kinds of<br />
<strong>mindegyik</strong> – all of them<br />
<strong>végig</strong> – all along; to the very end<br />
<strong>mindahány</strong> – all<br />
<strong>mindenhol</strong> – everwhere<br />
<strong>mindenhova</strong> – (to) everywhere<br />
<strong>mindenhonnan</strong> – from everywhere</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">The prefix minden- cannot be combined with Mennyi?</span>.</p>
<p>Some other meanings for certain pronouns: <strong>valamennyi, mindahány, valahány</strong> = all (of them)</p>
<p>So much for these basic pronouns. In part 2, we’ll take a look at some other indefinite pronouns (many, much, little, few, either…).</p>
<p>Other indefinite pronouns beside those with prefixes are:</p>
<p><strong>sok</strong> (many much),<strong> kevés</strong> (few, little), <strong>néhány</strong> (a few, some), <strong>egy kis</strong> (a little), <strong>egy-két / egy pár</strong> (a couple of), <strong>jó néhány</strong> (a number of), <strong>elég sok</strong> (quite a lot), <strong>jó sok</strong> (a great number of), <strong>rengeteg</strong> (lots of ), <strong>túl sok</strong> (too many/much), <strong>túl kevés</strong> (too little), <strong>minden</strong> (every), <strong>az összes</strong> (all), <strong>az egész</strong> (the entire), <strong>mindkettő</strong> (both), <strong>egyik sem</strong> (none), <strong>valamelyik</strong> (either of them), <strong>más</strong> (other), <strong>a többi</strong> (the other)…</p>
<p>To make it simple for you, <strong>ALL OF THESE INDEFINITE PRONOUNS REQUIRE A SINGULAR NOUN</strong>, so you don’t make the noun plural after sok, kevés and so on…There only a few exceptions to this simpel rule.</p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">SOK</span></strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"> = MANY, MUCH<br />
</span>Refers to: <strong>countable and uncountable</strong></p>
<p><strong>sok</strong> ember (<strong>many</strong> people)<br />
<strong>sok</strong> kutya (<strong>many</strong> dogs)<br />
<strong>sok</strong> étel (<strong>much</strong> food)<br />
<strong>sok</strong> víz (<strong>much</strong> water)</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Accusative form</span>: <strong>SOKAT</strong><strong><br />
<strong>Sokat</strong></strong> látja a barátját.<br />
She sees <strong>a great deal</strong> of this friend.</p>
<p><strong>Sokat</strong> énekel.<br />
He sings <strong>a lot</strong>.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Referring to people</span>: <strong>SOKAN</strong> = MANY PEOPLE<br />
<strong>Sokan</strong> kocognak a parkban.<br />
<strong>A lot of people</strong> jog in the park.</p>
<p><strong>Nem sokan</strong> értik a fizikát.<br />
<strong>Not many people</strong> understand physics.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Comparative degree</span> of SOK is: <strong>TÖBB</strong> = MORE<br />
and referring to people: <strong>TÖBBEN</strong> = MORE PEOPLE<br />
<strong>TÖBBEN REQUIRES A 3RD PP  VERB!</strong></p>
<p><strong>több</strong> ember (<strong>more </strong>people)<br />
<strong>több</strong> kutya (<strong>more </strong>dogs)<br />
<strong>több</strong> étel (<strong>more</strong> food)<br />
<strong>több</strong> víz (<strong>more</strong> water)</p>
<p><strong>Többen</strong> kocognak a parkban. – <strong>More people</strong> jog in the park.</p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">KEVÉS </span></strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">= FEW, LITTLE</span><br />
Refers to: <strong>countable and uncountable</strong></p>
<p><strong>kevés</strong> ember (<strong>few</strong> people)<br />
<strong>kevés</strong> kutya (<strong>few</strong> dogs)<br />
<strong>kevés</strong> étel (<strong>little</strong> food)<br />
<strong>kevés</strong> só (<strong>little</strong> salt)</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Accusative form</span>: <strong>KEVESET</strong><strong><br />
<strong>Keveset</strong></strong> látja a bártját.<br />
She <strong>doesn’t </strong>see his friend <strong>too often</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Keveset</strong> énekel.<br />
He sings <strong>little</strong>.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Referring to people</span>: <strong>KEVESEN</strong> = A FEW PEOPLE<br />
<strong>Kevesen</strong> kocognak a parkban.<br />
<strong>A few people</strong> jog in the park.</p>
<p><strong>Kevesen</strong> értik a fizikát.<br />
Only <strong>a few people </strong>understand physics.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Comparative degree</span> of KEVÉS is: <strong>KEVESEBB</strong> = LESS<br />
and referring to people: <strong>KEVESEBBEN</strong> = FEWER PEOPLE<br />
<strong>KEVESEBBEN REQUIERS A 3 RD PP VERB!</strong></p>
<p><strong>kevesebb</strong> ember (<strong>fewer </strong>people)<br />
<strong>kevesebb</strong> kutya (<strong>fewer </strong>dogs)<br />
<strong>kevesebb</strong> étel (<strong>less </strong>food)<br />
<strong>kevesebb</strong> víz (<strong>less</strong> salt)</p>
<p><strong>Kevesebben</strong> kocognak a parkban.<br />
<strong>Fewer people</strong> jog in the park.</p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">EGY KIS </span></strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">= A LITTLE; A SMALL<br />
</span>As for an <strong>amount</strong>, it refers to: <strong>uncountable</strong><strong><br />
</strong>As for <strong>size</strong>, it refers to: <strong>countable</strong></p>
<p><strong>egy kis</strong> só (<strong>a little</strong> salt)<br />
<strong>egy kis</strong> kenyér (<strong>a little</strong> bread) !<br />
<strong>egy kis</strong> autó (<strong>a small</strong> car)<br />
<strong>egy kis</strong> kenyér (<strong>a small</strong> loaf) !</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Accusative form</span>: <strong>EGY KICSIT</strong> = A LITTLE BIT<br />
NOTE: only used as an adverb, not as an adjective!</p>
<p>Eszik <strong>egy kicsit</strong>.<br />
He eats <strong>a little</strong>.</p>
<p>Fut <strong>egy kicsit</strong>  a parkban.<br />
He runs <strong>a little bit</strong> in the park.</p>
<p>Referring to people: <strong>NÉHÁNYAN !!!</strong> = A FEW PEOPLE<br />
<strong>Néhányan</strong> kocognak a parkban.<br />
<strong>A few people</strong> jog in the park.</p>
<p><strong>Néhányan</strong> levest esznek.<br />
<strong>Some people</strong> eat soup.</p>
<p><strong>No comparative degree for obvious reasons!</strong></p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">NÉHÁNY, EGY-KÉT, EGY PÁR</span></strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"> = SOME, A FEW, A COUPLE OF</span><br />
They refer to: <strong>countable</strong></p>
<p><strong>néhány</strong> ember (<strong>some</strong> people)<br />
<strong>egy-két</strong> kutya (<strong>a few</strong> dogs)<br />
<strong>egy pár</strong> asztal (<strong>a few</strong> tables)</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Accusative form</span>: <strong>NÉHÁNYAT, EGY-KETTŐT, EGY PÁRAT</strong><br />
NOTE: only used as adverbs, not as adjectives!</p>
<p>Megevett <strong>néhányat</strong>. – He ate <strong>a couple of them</strong>.<br />
<strong>Egy párat</strong> elénekelt. – He sang <strong>a few</strong>. (songs for ex.)<br />
<strong>Egy-kettőt</strong> elkaptak. – They’ve caught <strong>some (of them)</strong>.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Referring to people</span>: <strong>NÉHÁNYAN, PÁRAN</strong> = A COUPLE OF PEOPLE<br />
NOTE: you could say egy-ketten, but not heard often.</p>
<p><strong>Néhányan</strong> kocognak a parkban.<br />
<strong>Some people</strong> jog in the park.</p>
<p><strong>Páran</strong> elmentek a ünnepségre.<br />
<strong>A couple of people</strong> went to the feast.</p>
<p><strong>No comparative degree for obvious reasons!</strong></p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">JÓ NÉHÁNY, ELÉG SOK</span></strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"> = A NUMBER OF, QUITE A LOT, SEVERAL</span><br />
jó néhány refers to: <strong>countable</strong><br />
elég sok refers to: <strong>countable and uncountable</strong></p>
<p><strong>jó néhány</strong> ember (<strong>a number of </strong>people)<br />
<strong>elég sok</strong> ember (<strong>quite a lot</strong> of people)<br />
<strong>elég sok</strong> víz (<strong>a considerable amount of</strong> water)</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Accusative form</span>: <strong>JÓ NÉHÁNYAT, ELÉG SOKAT</strong><br />
NOTE: only used as adverbs, not as adjectives!</p>
<p><strong>Jó néhányat</strong> megevett.<br />
He ate <strong>a number of them</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Elég sokat</strong> énekel.<br />
He sings <strong>quite a lot</strong>.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Referring to people</span>: <strong>JÓ NÉHÁNYAN, ELÉG SOKAN</strong> = SEVERAL PEOPLE<br />
<strong>THE REQUIRE A 3RD PP VERB!</strong></p>
<p><strong>Jó néhányan</strong> kocognak a parkban.<br />
<strong>Several people</strong> kog in the park.</p>
<p><strong>Elég sokan</strong> dolgoznak még délután 4-kor.<br />
<strong>Quite a lot of people</strong> are still working at 4 p.m.</p>
<p><strong>No comparative degree!</strong></p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">JÓ SOK, RENGETEG</span></strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"> = PLENTY OF, A GOOD/GREAT DEAL OF<br />
</span>They refer to: <strong>countable and uncountable</strong></p>
<p><strong>jó sok</strong> ember (<strong>a great number of</strong> people)<br />
<strong>rengeteg</strong> ember (<strong>lots of</strong> people)<br />
<strong>jó sok</strong> víz (<strong>plenty of</strong> water)<br />
<strong>rengeteg</strong> víz (<strong>a great amount of </strong>water)</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Accusative form</span>: <strong>JÓ SOKAT, RENGETEGET</strong><br />
NOTE: only used as adverbs, not as adjectives!</p>
<p><strong>Jó sokat</strong> megevett.<br />
He ate <strong>plenty</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Rengeteget </strong>énekel.<br />
He sings <strong>a great deal</strong>.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Referring to people</span>: <strong>JÓ SOKAN, RENGETEGEN</strong> = A GREAT NUMBER PEOPLE<br />
<strong>Jó sokan</strong> kocognak a parkban.<br />
<strong>A great number of people</strong> jog in the park.</p>
<p><strong>Rengetegen</strong> dolgoznak még.<br />
<strong>Lots of people</strong> are still working.</p>
<p><strong>No comparative degree!</strong></p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">TÚL SOK, TÚL KEVÉS</span></strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"> = TOO MUCH/MANY, TOO LITTLE</span><br />
They refer to: <strong>countable and uncountable</strong></p>
<p><strong>túl sok</strong> ember (<strong>too many</strong> people)<br />
<strong>túl sok</strong> víz (<strong>too much</strong> water)<br />
<strong>túl kevés</strong> ember (<strong>a very small amount of</strong> people)<br />
<strong>túl kevés</strong> víz (<strong>too little</strong> water)</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Accusative form</span>: <strong>TÚL SOKAT, TÚL KEVESET</strong><br />
NOTE: only used as adverbs, not as adjectives!</p>
<p><strong>Túl sokat</strong> evett. – He ate <strong>too many</strong>. (apples) OR<br />
<strong>Túl sokat</strong> evett. – He ate <strong>too much</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Túl sokat</strong> jár úszni.<br />
He goes swimming <strong>too often</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Túl keveset</strong> iszik.<br />
He drinks <strong>too little</strong>.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Referring to people</span>: <strong>TÚL SOKAN, TÚL KEVESEN</strong><br />
meaning: <strong>too many people, too little people</strong><strong><br />
<strong>THEY REQUIRE  A 3RD PP VERB!</strong></strong></p>
<p><strong>Túl sokan</strong> kocognak a parkban.<br />
<strong>Too many people</strong> jog in the park.</p>
<p><strong>Túl kevesen</strong> mentek el szavazni.<br />
<strong>Only a small number of people</strong> went to vote.</p>
<p>NOTE! The adverb <strong>TÚL</strong> is derivated from the adverb <strong>TÚLSÁGOSAN = TOO</strong></p>
<p><strong>túlságosan</strong> nagy = <strong>túl</strong> nagy – <strong>too</strong> big</p>
<p><strong>No comparative degree!</strong></p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">A LEGTÖBB, A LEGKEVESEBB</span></strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"> = THE MOST, THE LEAST, THE FEWEST<br />
</span>They refer to: <strong>countable and uncountable</strong></p>
<p><strong>a legtöbb</strong> ember (<strong>most </strong>people)<br />
<strong>a legkevesebb</strong> ember (<strong>the smallest number of</strong> people)<br />
<strong>a legtöbb</strong> víz (<strong>most</strong> water)<br />
<strong>a legkevesebb</strong> víz (<strong>the least</strong> water)</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Accusative form</span>: <strong>A LEGTÖBBET, A LEGKEVESEBBET</strong><br />
NOTE: only used as adverbs, not as adjectives!</p>
<p>Ő evett <strong>a legtöbbet</strong>. – She ate <strong>most of them</strong>. (most apples) OR<br />
Ő ette meg <strong>a legtöbbet</strong>. She ate <strong>the most</strong>.</p>
<p>Ő jár úszni <strong>a legtöbbet</strong>.<br />
He goes swimming <strong>mostly</strong>.</p>
<p>Ő énekel <strong>a legkevesebbet</strong>.<br />
He sings <strong>(the) least</strong>. / He <strong>doesn’t really ever</strong> sing.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Referring to people</span>: A<strong> LEGTÖBBEN, A LEGKEVESEBBEN</strong><br />
meaning: <strong>the most people, the fewest people</strong><br />
<strong>THEY REQUIRE A 3RD PP VERB!</strong></p>
<p><strong>A legtöbben</strong> reggelente kocognak a parkban.<br />
<strong>Most people</strong> jog in the park in the morning.</p>
<p><strong>A legkevesebben</strong> az iskolában voltak.<br />
<strong>The fewest people</strong> were in school.</p>
<p><strong>No comparative degree!</strong></p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">MINDEN, AZ ÖSSZES, AZ EGÉSZ, MINDEN EGYES </span></strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">=<br />
EVERY, ALL, THE ENTIRE, EACH<br />
</span>minden refers to: <strong>countable</strong><strong><br />
</strong>az összes: <strong>countable and uncountable</strong><strong><br />
</strong>az egész: <strong>countable</strong><strong><br />
</strong>minden egyes: <strong>countable</strong></p>
<p><strong>minden</strong> ember (<strong>every</strong> man)<br />
<strong>az összes</strong> ember (<strong>all</strong> people)<br />
<strong>az összes</strong> víz (<strong>all </strong>the water)<br />
<strong>az egész</strong> ház (<strong>the entire</strong> house)<br />
<strong>minden egyes</strong> ház (<strong>each</strong> house)</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Accusative form</span>: <strong>MINDENT, AZ ÖSSZESET, AZ EGÉSZET</strong><br />
NOTE: only used as adverbs</p>
<p><strong>Mindent</strong> megevett. – She ate <strong>everything</strong>.<br />
<strong>Az összeset</strong> megette. – She ate it <strong>all</strong>.<br />
<strong>Az egészet</strong> megette. – She ate it <strong>all</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>No accusative case specifically for minden egyes</strong>, but you can make the noun accusative after it:<br />
<strong>Minden egyes almát</strong> megevett. – She ate <strong>each apple</strong>.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Referring to people</span>: <strong>MINDENKI</strong> = EVERYBODY<br />
<strong>Mindenki</strong> alszik még. – <strong>Everybody</strong> is sleeping.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">CAREFUL WITH</span>: <strong>az egész</strong>. <strong>When fitted with the definite article</strong>, it requires <strong>singular</strong> and means: the <strong>entire, the whole</strong>. <strong>When NOT fitted with the definite article</strong>, it requires <strong>plural</strong> and means: <strong>whole</strong>. Take a look at this:</p>
<p><strong>Az egész ház</strong> összeomlott. – <strong>The entire house</strong> has collapsed.<br />
<strong>Egész házak</strong> omlottak össze. – <strong>Whole houses</strong> have collapsed.</p>
<p>Pretty much like in English: <strong>the whole + singular </strong>AND<strong> whole + plural</strong></p>
<p><strong>No comparative degree!</strong></p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">MINDKETTŐ, EGYIK…SEM, VALAMELYIK</span></strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"> = BOTH, NONE, (N)EITHER</span><br />
They refer to: <strong>countable</strong></p>
<p>NOTE <strong>Mindkettő </strong>also has the form <strong>mindkét </strong>when functioning <strong>as adjective</strong>!</p>
<p><strong>mindkét </strong>ház (both houses)<br />
<strong>egyik</strong> ház <strong>sem</strong> (neither of the houses)<br />
<strong>valamelyik</strong> ház (one of the houses)</p>
<p><strong>Mindkét</strong> tortát megesszük – We eat <strong>both</strong> cakes.<br />
<strong>Egyik</strong> tortát <strong>sem </strong>esszük meg. – We eat <strong>neither of</strong> the cakes.<br />
<strong>Valamelyik</strong> tortát megesszük. – We eat <strong>one of</strong> the cakes.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Accusative form</span>: <strong>MINDKETTŐT, EGYIKET SEM, VALAMELYIKET</strong><br />
NOTE: only used as adverbs</p>
<p><strong>Mindkettőt</strong> megisszuk. – We drink <strong>both </strong>(of them).<br />
<strong>Egyiket sem</strong> isszuk meg. – We won’t drink<strong> either </strong>(of them).<br />
<strong>Valamelyiket</strong> megisszuk. – We’ll drink <strong>one</strong> (of them).</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Referring to people</span>: <strong>MINDKETTEN, EGYIKÜK SEM, VALAMELYIKÜK</strong><br />
meaning: <strong>both of them, none of them, one of them</strong><strong><br />
<strong>THEY REQUIRE A 3RD PP VERB!</strong></strong></p>
<p><strong>Mindketten</strong> alszanak már. – <strong>They both</strong> are sleeping already.<br />
<strong>Egyikük sem</strong> alszik még. – <strong>None of them</strong> are sleeping yet.<br />
<strong>Valamelyikük</strong> alszik már. – <strong>One of them</strong> is sleeping already.</p>
<p><strong>No comparative degree!</strong></p>
<p align="center"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">MÁS, A MÁSIK, A TÖBBI</span></strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"> = OTHER, THE OTHER</span><br />
más refers to: <strong>countable</strong><br />
a másik refers to: <strong>countable</strong><br />
a többi refers to: <strong>countable and uncountable</strong></p>
<p>NOTE! <strong>Más requires singular or plural</strong> depending on what you want to say. The rest needs singular as usual.</p>
<p><strong>más </strong>történet (<strong>another </strong>story)<br />
<strong>más</strong> történet<strong>ek</strong> (<strong>other</strong> stor<strong>ies</strong>)<br />
<strong>a másik</strong> történet (<strong>the other</strong> sotry)<br />
<strong>a többi</strong> történet (<strong>the other</strong> stories)</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Accusative form</span>: <strong>MÁST, A MÁSIKAT, A TÖBBIT</strong><strong><br />
</strong>meaning: <strong>something else, the other one, the others</strong><br />
Note: only used as adverbs</p>
<p><strong>Mást</strong> akartam mondani.<br />
I was going to say <strong>something else</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>A másikat</strong> vette meg.<br />
I bought <strong>the other one</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>A többit</strong> is megvettem.<br />
I bought <strong>the others</strong>, too.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Referring to people</span>: <strong>MÁSOK, A TÖBBIEK</strong> = OTHER PEOPLE, THE OTHERS<br />
<strong>THEY REQUIRE A 3RD PP VERB!</strong></p>
<p><strong>Mások</strong> az ellenkezőjét mondták.<br />
<strong>Other people</strong> said the contrary of it.</p>
<p><strong>A többiek</strong> már elmentek.<br />
<strong>The others</strong> have already left.</p>
<p>One more thing about <strong>más</strong>. It also expresses <strong>ELSE</strong>!</p>
<p>valaki <strong>más</strong> = somebody<strong> else</strong><strong><br />
</strong>valami <strong>más</strong> = something <strong>else</strong><strong><br />
</strong>Ez valaki <strong>más(nak) a</strong> tolla. = This is someone <strong>else’s</strong> pen.</p>
<p>All righty. WE’RE DONE! So much for indefinite pronouns.</p>
<p align="center"><strong>RELATIVE PRONOUNS</strong></p>
<p><strong>Relative pronouns refer to an object / person of the main clause and connect it with the subordinate clause.</strong></p>
<p>Example:</p>
<p>Látom a lányt, <strong>aki</strong> a padon ül.<br />
I see the girl (<strong>who</strong> is) sitting on the bench.</p>
<p>In this sentence, the English relative pronoun WHO is not mandatory to use.</p>
<p align="center"><strong>HUNGARIAN RELATIVE PRONOUNS MUST BE ALWAYS USED EVEN IN ACCUSATIVE CASE!</strong></p>
<p>A lány, <strong>akit</strong> régóta ismerek, a padon ül.<br />
The girl <strong>(whom)</strong> I’ve known for long is sitting on the bench.</p>
<p>Hungarian relative pronouns are formed with: <strong>the prefix a- + an interrogative pronoun</strong>. They <strong>must agree in number and person and case</strong>! Examples:</p>
<p>a- + Ki? = <strong>aki</strong><strong><br />
</strong>a- + Mi? = <strong>ami</strong><strong><br />
</strong>a- + Mit? = <strong>amit</strong><br />
and so on…</p>
<p>IMPORTANT! As for <strong>Mi? there are two versions</strong>!</p>
<p><strong>ami </strong>&gt;&gt;<span style="text-decoration:underline;"> refers to undetermined people/things</span><br />
(and used in the everyday language)</p>
<p><strong>amely</strong> &gt;&gt; <span style="text-decoration:underline;">refers to determined people/things</span><br />
(and used in more formal situations: talking to superior, news, speech)</p>
<p>Note that the spoken language prefers using ami to amely. More examples:</p>
<p>A kocsi, <strong>ami</strong> ott parkol, az enyém.<br />
The car (<strong>which</strong> is) parking there is mine.</p>
<p>A kocsik, <strong>amik</strong> ott parkolnak az enyémek.<br />
The cars (<strong>which</strong> are) parking there are mine.</p>
<p>A ház, <strong>amely</strong> épül, ronda.<br />
The house (<strong>which</strong> is) being built is ugly.</p>
<p>A házak, <strong>amelyek </strong>épülnek, rondák.<br />
The houses (<strong>which</strong> are) being built are ugly.</p>
<p>A film, <strong>amelyről</strong> beszélek, jó volt.<br />
The movie <strong>(which)</strong> I’m talking<strong> about</strong> was good.</p>
<p>A filmek, <strong>amelyekről</strong> beszélek, jók voltak.<br />
The movies <strong>(which)</strong> I’m talking <strong>about </strong>were good.</p>
<p>A fiú, <strong>akinek a</strong> szülei elváltak, szomorú.<br />
The boy <strong>whose </strong>parents got divorced is sad.</p>
<p>A fiúk, <strong>akiknek a</strong> szülei elváltak, szomorúak.<br />
The boys <strong>whose </strong>parents got divorced are sad.</p>
<p>A férfi, <strong>aki</strong> ott áll, rendőr.<br />
The man (<strong>who</strong> is) standing over there is a cop.</p>
<p>A férfiak, <strong>akik</strong> ott állnak, rendőrök.<br />
The men (<strong>who</strong> are) standing over there are cops.</p>
<p>Az, <strong>aki </strong>ezt mondja, hazudik.<br />
The one <strong>who</strong> says that is lying.</p>
<p>Azok, <strong>akik</strong> ezt mondják, hazudnak.<br />
Those <strong>who</strong> say that are lying.</p>
<p>A bankrabló, <strong>akit </strong>láttam, elfutott.<br />
The bank robber <strong>(whom)</strong> I saw ran off.</p>
<p>A bankrablók, <strong>akiket</strong> láttam, elfutottak.<br />
The bank robbers <strong>(whom)</strong> I saw ran off.</p>
<p>A ház, <strong>ahol</strong> lakom, nagy.<br />
The house <strong>where</strong> I live is big.</p>
<p>A házak, <strong>ahol</strong> lakom, nagyok.<br />
The houses <strong>where</strong> I live are big.</p>
<p>Futottam, <strong>ahogy</strong> bírtam.<br />
I ran <strong>as</strong> I could.</p>
<p><strong>Ameddig</strong> a szem ellát, fa van.<br />
<strong>As far as</strong> the eye can reach, there’s nothing but trees.</p>
<p>Az ok, <strong>amiért </strong>hívtalak, egyszerű.<br />
The reason <strong>(why)</strong> I called you is simple.</p>
<p>Az okok, <strong>amikért </strong>hívtalak, egyszerűek.<br />
The reasons <strong>(why)</strong> I called you are simple.</p>
<p>NOTE! The relative pronoun <strong>ahol </strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">cannot be marked for case</span> for obvious reasons. But according the the three directions phenomenon it has two more forms: <strong>ahova, ahonnan</strong>.</p>
<p>Abból a városból jövök, <strong>ahonnan</strong> te is jössz.<br />
I come from the city <strong>where</strong> you also come <strong>from</strong>.</p>
<p>Oda megyek, <strong>ahova</strong> akarok.<br />
I’m going <strong>where(ever)</strong> I want.</p>
<p>WE’RE FINISHED WITH PRONOUNS! Bye now! <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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